江苏东沙的资源及其开发潜力

东沙是江苏岸外沙洲中面积最大、高程最高的一个沙滩,但尚未开发利用。本文据实地调查、海图卫片、文献资料,分析了东沙的土地资源、生物资源和能源的开发潜力,并就如何因地制宜、合理利用,提出了建议。     

吉林省的风能潜力(英文)

近两年我国电力突然短缺,已经引起政府的高度重视。由于我国风电发展的紧迫性和风电发展的潜力,特别是国际上正在如火如荼地开发风电的情景,中国- 奥地利政府间双边合作计划将风电评估列入2001～2003 年度合作计划,论文是该计划的成果之一。以我国吉林省为研究对象,采用广泛使用的风机选址算法和空间分布诊断程序( WAsP和ZAWIMOD2),运用数字地形图和遥感资料获得的土地利用图,进而得到数字化的表面粗糙度,再对吉林省的风能潜力进行估算。完成了近1km² 分辨率的距地面60m高度的风速和风能密度计算,并制作了它们的分布图。这是我国第一次在较大区域上估算距地面60m 高度的风速和风能密度,其方法对我国风电资源的评估有重要的借鉴作用。结果显示最有效的风能资源在吉林省的中西部地区,而南部和东部的高风资源区位于山脊和山顶,对风能的开发有一定的限制。     

土地资源人口承载量的预测及其在人地关系研究中的意义——以江苏省滨海、苏州为例

几百年的人地关系研究历史证明,许多思想家和地理学家往往都以粮食这一特殊物质入手,并以粮食为诊断因素来反映人与自然之间错综复杂的联系。80年代中期兴起的土地资源人口承载量的研究,乃是这一传统研究思路的延续。因而,在我国深入开展这一项研究的过程中,有必要在吸收国外研究方法和经验的同时,注意总结历史的教训。①土地资源人口承载量的研究,其目的并不在于获取土地资源到底能养活多少人这一精确的人口数据,而在于揭示人口、粮食、土地三者之间的复杂关系及其地域差异。②土地资源的生产潜力是土地的自然属性与人类管理水平的综合反映,人类对土地的反作用以及科学技术的影响是使土地资源人口承载量发生阶段性跃迁的主要因素,在进行长周期预测时应予以足够的重视。③在引进国外方法和模式时,应根据不同的研究精度、不同的研究目的、不同的区域性质以及研究条件等加以科学订正。作者从人地关系研究出发,以滨海县和苏州市2个不同类型地区为实例,采用机助多要素图叠置分析的方法,进行了土地资源人口承载量的预测和分析。     

海南岛水稻气候生产潜力和人口承载量的估算

本文从海南岛自然优势出发,采用联合国粮农组织《产量与水的关系》中介绍的气候生产潜力的农业生态方法: 计算了海南水稻的气候生产潜力,从海南岛水稻生产和人口的现状出发,采用灰色系统中的GM(1,1)预测模型:计算和探讨了当前和未来水稻生产的人口承载量问题。试图揭示水稻生产的现状、问题和发展前景,为全岛水稻的产、销、购提供科学依据。     

SEDIMENT OXYGEN DEMAND IN THE ARROYO COLORADO RIVER1

ABSTRACT: The lower reaches of the Arroyo Colorado have historically failed to meet their use under subsection 303(b) of the U.S. Clean Water Act due to fecal coliform bacteria and low dissolved oxygen (DO). Fish kills, especially at the tidal confluence at the Port of Harlingen, Texas, have been reported. Oxygen demand from sediment (SOD) for a river typically has two states‐diffusion limited SOD (SOD) and potential SOD (pSOD), expressed when sediment is resuspended through increased flow or other disturbances. The objective of this research was to measure SOD in the Arroyo Colorado River in situ, estimate pSOD ex situ, and evaluate the relationship between SOD and the depositional environment. We measured SOD and pSOD in the Arroyo Colorado River at up to eight sites over three sampling events. We identified the sample sites based on a modified Rosgen geomorphic index for streambed stabilization. Sites with high sediment deposition potential had high SOD. The average values of SOD between sites were 0.62 g/m²/day (standard deviation 0.38 g/m²/day) and ranged from 0.13 to 1.2 g/m²/day. Potential SOD values ranged from as low as 19.2 to as high as 2,779 g/m³ sediment/ day. Potential SOD can serve as an indicator of the possible impact of SOD from resuspended sediment in stream systems.     

城郊旅游的潜在市场特征及产品开发--以合肥市为例

城市郊区已成为旅游的热点区域,合肥市对行政区域进行划分后,正着手大力开发城郊旅游.为了使合肥城郊旅游业的发展更具科学性,在实地调查基础上,分析了合肥城郊旅游潜在的市场特征,得出其城郊旅游开发市场潜力巨大;在分析外来旅游者及市民的城郊旅游意向基础上探讨了合肥城郊旅游产品开发,认为新城郊区旅游功能可定位为水上休闲度假娱乐中心和生态农业观光园区;最后提出合肥城郊旅游科学开发的几点建议.     

生物降解高分子材料的研究现状及应用前景

目前,处理高分子材料的一些传统方法,如焚烧法、掩埋法、熔融共混挤出法、回收利用等都存在一定的缺陷和局限性,给环境保护带来严重的困难。因此,开发环境可接受的降解性高分子材料是解决环境污染的重要途径。生物降解高分子是指通过自然界或添加的微生物的化学作用,将高分子物质分解成小分子化合物,再进入自然的循环过程。论述了生物降解高分子材料的研究现状,并对生物降解高分子材料的降解机理、影响因素及其在医学、农业、包装业和其他领域的潜在应用前景进行了探讨。     

Bioaccumulation of trace elements in wild-growing edible mushrooms from Lubuskie voivodeship,Poland

Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni and Zn contents were quantified for three wild-growing edible species of macrofungi (Boletus edulis, Macrolepiota procera and Cantharellus cibarius) and underlying soil samples collected at forest sites in Lubuskie voivodeship, Poland. The total concentration of the analysed elements was determined using an ASA iCE 3000 series atomic absorption spectrometer. The analysis found significant differences in bioaccumulation between species and differing distributions of trace elements in the caps and stalks of fruiting bodies. Bioaccumulation factors revealed that Zn and Cu are the most bioaccumulated elements, whereas Cr and Mn are excluded from bioaccumulation. Macrolepiota procera showed the highest bioaccumulation of Cu, and Zn is accumulated to the greatest extent by Boletus edulis. A few significant differences (p≤0.05) between the examined species were observed.     

Total and methyl mercury in small marine biota caught off the Coast of Chennai,India

Abstract

This study reports the concentrations of total mercury and methyl mercury in sixteen families of marine biota caught off the coast of Kasimedu in Chennai, India, an important but understudied fish landing region. These included the commonly caught croakers, carangids, rays, goat fish, anchovies, crabs, and prawns. There was no correlation between total mercury or methyl mercury with fish length or mass. All concentrations were lower than the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India limits (total mercury = 500?μg/kg; methyl mercury = 250?μg/kg). Some values were above screening levels (total mercury >40?μg/kg wet weight) when considering possible adverse effects in predatory fish that consume the analyzed biota.

Abbreviations: dw: dry weight; MeHg: methyl mercury; THg: total mercury; ww: wet weight     

Mitigation of eutrophication caused by wastewater discharge: A simulation-based approach

Mitigation of eutrophication, intensified by excessive nutrient load discharge in wastewaters regulated by restrictive legal requirements, remains one of today’s most important global problems. Despite implementation of the Water Framework Directive, the Urban Wastewater Directive and the HELCOM recommendations, the actual condition of surface water is still not satisfactory. In response to the above, the study presents an alternative approach for surface water protection against eutrophication based on the selection of appropriate nutrient removal technologies. An activated sludge model simulation was used to enable the identification of environmentally justified nutrient removal systems with lowest eutrophication potential of treated wastewater conditioned by bioavailable nutrient forms content. Based on the outcome of the study, the 3-stage Bardenpho system was identified as the most efficient for bioavailable phosphorus removal, while the Johannesburg system proved to have the highest efficiency for bioavailable nitrogen removal. The proposed eutrophication mitigation approach underlines the need for a reconsideration of current legal regulations which ignore nutrient bioavailability and key eutrophication limiting factors.