中国能源可持续发展区域差异及其因素分析

该文在明晰中国能源可持续发展内涵的基础上,从能源足量、可持续、合理供给;能源与水、土地、森林等资源配套能力;国家可持续能源政策与地区规划的融合,减缓环境资源的损耗;环境可持续性四个目标出发,构建了区域能源可持续发展指标体系。从定量的角度刻画中国能源可持续发展的区域差异,解析影响中国能源可持续发展的主要因素。研究结果表明,可持续能源政策与环境的可持续性是制约能源可持续发展的关键环节;能源与森林、土地资源的配套能力是重要基础;能源供应能力是核心所在;从中国东、中、西部来看,西部地区是中国能源可持续性最强的地区,中部次之,东部能源可持续性最弱;从中国八大区域来看,能源可持续性沿海地区最弱,东北和长江中游地区次之,大西北、西南和黄河中游地区最强。本文作者最后认为多元化发展,提升能源供应能力;建立健全环境税收制度,增强环境可持续性;因地制宜,是促进中国区域能源可持续发展的必然选择。     

PCDD/F enviromental impact from municipal solid waste bio-drying plant

The present work indentifies some environmental and health impacts of a municipal solid waste bio-drying plant taking into account the PCDD/F release into the atmosphere, its concentration at ground level and its deposition. Four scenarios are presented for the process air treatment and management: biofilter or regenerative thermal oxidation treatment, at two different heights. A Gaussian dispersion model, AERMOD, was used in order to model the dispersion and deposition of the PCDD/F emissions into the atmosphere. Considerations on health risk, from different exposure pathways are presented using an original approach. The case of biofilter at ground level resulted the most critical, depending on the low dispersion of the pollutants. Suggestions on technical solutions for the optimization of the impact are presented.     

水环境质量评价3种方法的应用对比

从众多水质评价方法中选取单项指数法、加权均值型指数法、模糊数学法进行介绍,并通过运用这3种方法对大汶河某年监测数据的平均值进行评价.经对比分析发现,加权均值型指数法是一种比较实用的水质评价方法,模糊数学法可以作为必要的补充.     

辽宁省典型城市道路尘PM2.5成分谱研究

为构建辽宁省典型城市道路尘源成分谱,分别采集了鞍山市和盘锦市道路尘样品,分析了其化学组分特征,用富集因子法和比值法分析了其主要来源,用分歧系数法分析了两个城市成分谱的相似度.结果表明：盘锦市和鞍山市道路尘PM_2.5中的化学组成以有机碳组分（OC）和地壳类元素（Al、Ca、Mg、Fe和K）为主.除Cu和V元素外,其余元素均表现为鞍山市的富集因子大于盘锦市.由比值法可得,盘锦市和鞍山市OC/EC分别为（13.20±6.26）和（3.94±0.63）,均存在二次污染现象;NO₃^-/SO₄^2-的均值分别为（0.52±0.55）和（0.46±0.13）,说明其道路尘PM_2.5受固定源影响更大.盘锦市与鞍山市道路尘成分谱分歧系数为0.354,说明两个源成分谱可能相似.     

Exploration of relationships between safety performance and unsafe behavior in the Chinese oil industry

Safety performance is comprised of two components, safety compliance and safety participation. However, relationships between safety performance and unsafe behavior have not been thoroughly investigated. In this work, scales for safety compliance and safety participation were revised for use in the oil industry, and job burnout scale was developed on the basis of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS). A structural equation model was then employed to investigate the interactions of these factors for 238 front-line oil workers from the PetroChina Huabei Oilfield Company in China. From the results, it was determined that workers' unsafe behavior could not be reduced significantly solely from these two dimensions of safety performance. Compared with safety participation, safety compliance was found to have a greater influence on unsafe behavior. However, job burnout was found to be a significant moderator between these two components and unsafe behavior. Furthermore, it was determined that oil workers' occupational psychological health conditions must be taken into account to improve organizational safety management and reduce workers’ unsafe behavior.     

乌达煤矿采空区煤自燃影响因素评价分析

应用层次分析理论,选择影响乌达煤矿采空区煤自然发火的主要因素即煤的自燃倾向性、煤层的赋存条件、开采技术水平等,进行分析计算。依据层次分析法确定了采空区煤自燃各影响因素的权重系数,并对其进行总排序,最后进行综合评定各采空区煤自燃影响因素。评定结果表明:煤自燃倾向性M、煤的硫含量L、回采工作面推进速度g、地质构造d等是影响采空区煤自燃的主要因素。为制定相应的开拓开采方案和有效的防火措施,提供了科学的理论依据和切合实际情况的评价方法。     

港口安全管理评估量化研究

对港口安全管理体系进行量化评估,不仅可推进体系的不断完善,更可促进港口企业建立健全安全生产的自我约束机制。笔者在港口安全管理体系研究的基础上,综合考虑各类港口的不同情况,运用改进的层次分析法(AHP),建立港口安全管理体系的递阶层次结构模型和构造判断矩阵;通过对沿海,内河,大、中、小港口的调查和方根法数值计算,确定评估体系中各评估要素、评估要点的权值;提出了保障港口安全生产的港口安全管理体系基本评估要点;研究完成量化的港口安全管理评估系统。该评估体系可定量评估港口安全生产状况、港口安全生产程度,及时发现港口在安全生产及安全管理方面存在的隐患、不足与缺陷等问题,从而可及时而有效地预防和控制港口系统重大事故的发生。     

地震条件下尾矿坝稳定性分析

坝体稳定性不足引起的溃坝事件是尾矿库常见的一种病患。本文以某尾矿库为工程背景，运用拟静力法分析了尾矿坝在地震条件下的稳定性，运用理正岩土软件对其结果进行必要的校核，得出影响运用该方法计算尾矿坝地震稳定性精确性的重要因素——超空隙水压力变化值，该变化值主要由坝体材料渗透性决定，在此基础上提出了相应的安全对策。     

特大火灾定量与定性风险管理技术应用探讨

定量化风险管理技术有其无可比拟的优势，但无法对风险因素中的人为因素进行管理。本文通过分析量化管理的缺陷和定性化管理的优势，提出应根据具体情况，采用定量化与定性化管理相结合的管理方式，并提出定性化管理的具体方法。     

Criteria for the evaluation of dioxins in the environment

In FRG and other countries unequivocal criteria for the limitation of dioxins (PCDD's/PCDF's) in food like vegetables and fruits are lacking. These have to be directly associated with the limitation of dioxins in the soil and the deposition of particulate matter as the two main pathways for plant contamination. Based on recent investigations in the vicinity of cable-waste incinerators in Northrhine-Westphalia with comparatively high contents of dioxins in garden plants and soils and other sources of dioxins, considerations are given for the establishment of the criteria urgently needed.