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351.
Interactive effect of dissolved organic matter and phenanthrene on soil enzymatic activities 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
The investigation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on urease, catalase and polyphenol oxidase activity in a phenanthrene (Phe)-contaminated soil was conducted under laboratory incubation conditions. Values of soil enzymatic activity depended mainly on incubation time. In the initial 16 days, urease activity increased, and was followed by a decrease. In the initial 8 days, catalase activity decreased and then increased. Variation of polyphenol oxidase activity was just the reverse of catalase activity. After 30 days of incubation, no pronounced difference among treatments with Phe, Phe and DOM, and control were detected in urease, catalase and polyphenol oxidase activity. Phe might inhibit urease and catalase, and stimulate polyphenol oxidase. DOM could improve inhibition of Phe in soil urease and catalase activity during the initial period of applying DOM. Nevertheless, DOM had no significant effect on polyphenol oxidase activity in the Phe contaminated soil. There was a negative correlation between catalase and polyphenol oxidase (r = -0.761~(***)), and catalase and urease (r = -0.554~(**)). Additionally, a positive correlation between polyphenol oxidase and urease was also detected (r = 0.701~(***)). It is implied that the formed DOM after application of organic wastes into soils may counteract the inhibition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil enzyme activities. 相似文献
352.
Qinglong Liu Jingchun Tang Xiaomei Liu Benru Song Meinan Zhen Nicholas J. Ashbolt 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(7):80-92
A column microcosm was conducted by amending crude oil into Dagang Oilfield soil to simulate the bioremediation process. The dynamic change of microbial communities and metabolic genes in vertical depth soil from 0 to 80 cm were characterized to evaluate the petroleum degradation potential of indigenous microorganism. The influence of environmental variables on the microbial responds to petroleum contamination were analyzed. Degradation extent of 42.45% of n-alkanes(C8–C40) and 34.61% of 16ΣPAH were reached after 22 weeks. Relative abundance of alkB, nah, and phe gene showed about 10-fold increment in different depth of soil layers. Result of HTS profiles demonstrated that Pseudomonas, Marinobacter and Lactococcus were the major petroleum-degrading bacteria in0–30 and 30–60 cm depth of soils. Fusarium and Aspergillus were the dominant oil-degrading fungi in the 0–60 cm depth of soils. In 60–80 cm deep soil, anaerobic bacteria such as Bacteroidetes, Lactococcus, and Alcanivorax played important roles in petroleum degradation.Redundancy analysis(RDA) and correlation analysis demonstrated that petroleum hydrocarbons(PHs) as well as soil salinity, clay content, and anaerobic conditions were the dominant effect factors on microbial community compositions in 0–30, 30–60, and 60–80 cm depth of soils, respectively. 相似文献
353.
Jijie Kong Yuxuan Dai Mengshu Han Huan He Jiapeng Hu Junyi Zhang Junzhe Shi Qiming Xian Shaogui Yang Cheng Sun 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(4):159-169
Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) have toxic potentials that are higher than those of their corresponding parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and thus have received increasing attention in recent years. In this study, the occurrence, distribution, source, and human health risk assessment of 15 NPAHs and 16 PAHs were investigated in the surface water from 20 sampling sites of Lake Taihu during the dry, normal, and flood seasons of 2018. The ΣPAH concentrations ranged from 255 to 7298 ng/L and the ΣNPAH concentrations ranged from not-detected (ND) to 212 ng/L. Among the target analytes, 2-nitrofluorene (2-nFlu) was the predominant NPAH, with a detection frequency ranging from 85% to 90% and a maximum concentration of 56.2 ng/L. The three-ringed and four-ringed NPAHs and PAHs comprised the majority of the detected compounds. In terms of seasonal variation, the highest levels of the ΣNPAHs and ΣPAHs were in the dry season and flood season, respectively. Diagnostic ratio analysis indicated that the prime source of NPAHs was direct combustion, whereas in the case of PAHs the contribution was predominantly from a mixed pattern including pollution from unburned petroleum and petroleum combustion. The human health risk of NPAHs and PAHs was evaluated using a lifetime carcinogenic risk assessment model. The carcinogenic risk level of the targets ranged from 2.09 × 10?7 to 5.75 × 10?5 and some surface water samples posed a potential health risk. 相似文献
354.
为研究城镇化进程对土壤PAHs残留状况、来源以及健康风险的影响,采集辽宁地区95个表层土壤样品,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析21种PAHs含量.结果表明研究区域中,背景点、沈抚新城、沈阳以及抚顺内Σ21PAHs总含量分别为1 496.76、3 000.50、8 705.11以及8 178.90μg·kg-1,即城镇化程度与PAHs含量呈正相关关系.利用分子比值法与PMF模型进行来源分析,结果表明研究区域表层土壤PAHs来源主要为煤燃烧源与交通源(石油燃烧),其中4个区域的主要来源依次为石化燃烧源41.0%、煤柴等生物质燃烧源64.4%、交通源67.5%以及交通源62.0%,即随着城镇化进程推进,人为源(主要是交通源)逐渐成为环境中PAHs的主要贡献者.健康风险评价表明,通过土壤误食与皮肤接触途径暴露致癌风险水平较高,城市土壤PAHs存在较高的健康风险,且儿童与青少年受到的健康风险较大,需要引起注意. 相似文献
355.
利用液相~(31)P核磁共振分析方法,研究了我国不同地理区域湖泊表层沉积物中生物质磷(Biogenic-P)的形态特征.结果表明,不同地理区域湖泊表层沉积物磷含量差异较大,湖泊沉积物中的总磷在184.37~1089.41 mg·kg~(-1)之间,青藏高原的青海湖总磷含量最高,达到1089.41 mg·kg~(-1).使用~(31)P-NMR技术在湖泊沉积物中共检测到4类磷化合物,其中生物质磷检测到3类磷化合物,分别为:磷酸单酯(Mono-P)、DNA磷(DNA-P)、焦磷酸盐(Pyro-P),其中以磷酸单酯为主,含量在5.57~399.18 mg·kg~(-1)之间.随着我国外源性磷的有效控制,内源性磷成为了磷主要的来源,在磷的内源负荷中,生物质磷矿化释放的磷将会影响水体整体生产力,本研究基于液相~(31)P核磁共振技术,对我国不同区域湖泊沉积物中磷形态的分布有了一些新的认识,可为深入认识磷在不同区域湖泊中转化提供支持,有助于深入研究不同区域湖泊磷生物地球化学循环过程,同时为认识我国不同区域湖泊沉积物中磷形态特征提供数据支持. 相似文献
356.
357.
为研究该技术对不同氯代烃的去除效果,选取珠三角某氯代烃污染场地,采用化学氧化强化修复的常温解吸技术进行了小试试验和现场修复中试.结果表明:经过常温解吸技术,土壤中氯乙烯、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯污染物的平均去除率均高于80%,经过碱活化过硫酸钠化学氧化后,除了重度污染土壤中四氯乙烯外,土壤中污染物去除率均高于90%,不同污染程度土壤中氯乙烯、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯均达到修复目标值.现场修复后土壤氯乙烯、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯均达到修复目标值.污染物初始浓度对氯代烃的去除有较大影响,初始浓度越高,氯代烃解吸速率越高.工程实践表明,该强化常温解吸技术应用于氯代烃污染土壤修复是可行的. 相似文献
358.
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