Biological treatment of the dye Reactive Blue 19 by cattails and anaerobic bacterial consortia

This study demonstrates the bioremediation potential of anaerobic sludge and cattail (Typha angustifolia) for the treatment of the dye Reactive Blue 19 (RB19). The anaerobic sludge and cattails used in this study were not previously exposed to dyes or other xenobiotics. Different anaerobic sludge concentrations (30%, 50%, and 70%) were used along fixed dye concentrations at pH 8.0 and 25 °C. Subsequently, 50% sludge was selected to treat RB19 at various concentrations. The discoloration of non-hydrolyzed dye was between 70% and 85% using 50% biomass. For the hydrolyzed form of RB19, the range of decoloration was 70%–90%. Dye treatment efficiencies between 50% and 75% were observed for the two forms of the dye when treated with T. angustifolia. Overall, the anaerobic biomass at pH 8.0 showed better potential than cattails to treat RB19. The observation that non-enriched anaerobic sludge can decolorize RB19 is important because it opens up the prospects of developing anaerobic treatment systems, which can easily decolorize dyes in industrial wastewaters and also possesses potential advantages over systems using defined bacterial cultures.     

Assessment of phenol-degrading ability of Acinetobacter sp. B9 for its application in bioremediation of phenol-contaminated industrial effluents

Successful bioremediation of a phenol-contaminated environment requires application of those microbial strains that have acquired phenol tolerance and phenol-degrading abilities. A newly isolated strain B9 of Acinetobacter sp. was adapted to a high phenol concentration by growing sequentially from low- to high-strength phenol. The acclimatised strain was able to grow and completely degrade up to 14?mM of phenol in 136?h. The degradation rates were found to increase with an increase in the phenol concentration from 2.0 to 7.5?mM. The strain preferred neutral to alkaline pH range for growth and phenol degradation, with the optimum being pH 8.0. The optimum temperature for phenol degradation was found to be in the range of 30–35°C. Transmission electron micrographs showed a disorganised and convoluted cell membrane in the case of phenol-stressed cells, showing a major effect of phenol on the membrane. Enzymatic and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry studies show the presence of an ortho-cleavage pathway for phenol degradation. Efficient phenol degradation was observed even in the presence of pyridine and heavy metals as co-toxicants showing the potential of strain in bioremediation of industrial wastes. Application of strain B9 to real tannery wastewater showed 100% removal of initial 0.5?mM phenol within 48?h of treatment.     

系统安全评价方法对比研究

安全评价是衡量风险,实现安全生产的重要途径。为了不同的评价目标开发出来的各种安全评价方法都有其针对性和局限性。认清这些方法的优点和缺点有助于系统地运用安全评价方法衡境目标的风险。安全评价软件有助于弥补安全评价方法的不足,并提高安全评价的效率和可靠性。     

硝基芳香化合物的微生物降解研究进展

硝基芳香化合物是环境中难降解有机污染物之一,由于其用途广泛,对环境的污染日趋严重,利用生物降解硝基芳香化合物是行之有效的方法。文章针对硝基芳香化合物生物降解过程,汇总了用于降解的微生物资源,并对硝基芳香化合物生物代谢途径、降解过程中的主要酶、降解性质粒、基因定位等分子遗传学的研究进展进行了综述。     

石油污染从微观修复到生态调控的生态学转变

石油污染已成为全球较为突出的环境问题,制约了经济与生态环境的协调发展.生物修复虽具备绿色低碳和高效安全等优点,但随着污染的复杂化和严重化,单一的生物修复已难以满足修复目的.而以生物修复为基础的生态修复能够统筹碳中和与生态环境保护,协同推进减污降碳,保证土壤和沉积物履行生态系统服务功能的持续能力,最终实现土壤健康和沉积物健康.因此,从生物修复到生态修复的转变是现阶段环境治理和生态系统维护的最优选择.在此,首先剖析了不同生物修复技术中石油烃微观去除机制,并且从生态学角度探讨了不同生物修复技术的种类及特点.基于此,深入分析了生物修复向生态修复转变的必要性.最后对生态修复发展进行了合理展望,以期为石油污染生态修复的优化提供理论支撑.     

枣庄市医疗废物处理对策研究浅析

通过对医疗废物的危害和相关处理技术等问题的研究,提出枣庄市医疗废物处理对策的研究方案,为建立枣庄市医疗废物集中处理中心提供参考,可作为政府及相关业务主管部门的决策依据。     

Screening of wood rotting fungi potentially useful for the degradation of organic pollutants

Many papers have shown that white rot fungi can degrade aromatic pollutants under laboratory conditions, but few report field scale trials. Here we report the first steps in the development of a remediation system for Greek conditions. A review of the available organochlorine compound pollution information in Greece is presented. White rot fungi isolated from sites in Greece have been screened for growth rate and ligninolytic activity, using decolourisation of the dye Poly R-478 as an indicator of enzyme activity. Use of white rot fungi under field conditions in Greece will require bioaugmentation to be effective at high temperatures and low water activity for much of the year. The most potent strains have been selected under a range of conditions and have been challenged with priority pollutants to determine their degradative ability under laboratory conditions and subsequently ex situ in soil.     

Dissipation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and microbial activity in a field soil planted with perennial ryegrass

Dissipation and plant uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated agricultural soil planted with perennial ryegrass were investigated in a field experiment. After two seasons of grass cultivation the mean concentration of 12 PAHs in soil decreased by 23.4% compared with the initial soil. The 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-ring PAHs were dissipated by 30.9%, 25.5%, 21.2%, and 16.3% from the soil, respectively. Ryegrass shoots accumulated about 280 μg·kg^-1, shoot dry matter biomass reached 2.48 × 10⁴ kg·ha^-1, and plant uptake accounted for about 0.99% of the decrease in PAHs in the soil. Significantly higher soil enzyme activities and microbial community functional diversity were observed in planted soil than that in the unplanted control. The results suggest that planting ryegrass may promote the dissipation of PAHs in long-term contaminated agricultural soil, and plant-promoted microbial degradation may be a main mechanism of phytoremediation.     

表面展示技术在污染环境生物修复中的应用

革兰氏阴性细菌、革兰氏阳性细菌和酵母中已建立多个表面展示短肽和蛋白质的系统.在微生物细胞表面展示外源蛋白对污染环境的生物修复有着重要的意义.展示金属结合蛋白(肽)的微生物可用于污染土壤和工业废水的净化,展示有机磷水解酶的微生物将用于有机磷污染物的脱毒.微生物表面展示技术将成为污染环境生物修复的有效策略.这一技术的研究还是一个新领域,要使其得到应用还有许多问题需要解决. 参38     

PZT的EMI技术在土木工程健康监测中的研究进展

PZT(P iezoe lectric-ceram ic)的EM I(E lectro-m echan ica l im pedance)技术以其适于在线监测的诸多优点受到越来越多的关注。本文系统地阐述了PZT的E/M(电-机)耦合特性、PZT与本体结构的相互作用模型、EM I技术的基本原理及其在土木工程中的研究应用。利用PZT的EM I技术进行健康监测是具有广泛应用前景的一种方法,但由于其研究应用的时间不长,目前仍然处于试验室研究阶段,文中对该项技术中尚需解决的几个问题进行了总结。