Box Handling in the Loading and Unloading of Vans

The handling of 2,306 boxes being loaded or unloaded from vans onto or from 4-wheeled trolleys by 31 handlers in a warehouse were characterized. Handling was videotaped and characterized through an analysis grid completed by three trained observers. The following execution parameters were observed: nature of the exertion applied by the upper limbs, plane and direction of the exertion, resulting displacement of the box, grip, use of the lower limbs and the back. Results show that execution parameters used by handlers vary considerably from those usually recommended or studied. For example, symmetric grips were rarely used (4%). The grip was modified during the handling of half the boxes. Significant knee flexion was rarely observed (3% of exertions). Each box was moved by applying an average of . 3.5 different exertions. Exertions were mostly applied in a plane parallel to the shoulders; they were rarely executed in a strict sagittal plane (11%). The implication of these observations are discussed.     

Site examination for threatened and endangered plant species

A procedure is described for conducting floristic examinations of prospective sites of development in order to determine the presence of threatened and/or endangered plant species. The timed meander search procedure provides information to document the level of effort expended in the examination as well as to describe the floristic resources of the site. Tests of the procedure during the 1979 and 1980 field seasons have demonstrated its value both as a means of discovering threatened and endangered species on a site and as a means of documenting a low probability of occurrence of such species if not found during application of the procedure.     

A practical method for small area population estimation

Estimating small area populations requires a compromise between precision and rigour, and resource input. Gloucestershire County Council have developed a method for making annual Parish and Ward estimates which the authors claim combines robustness, economy and simplicity with a degree of rigour, using available data sources. The method is described, and an indication of its accuracy given using the 1981 Census data.     

国内医疗废物处置最佳可行性技术应用浅析

基于国际公约对最佳可行技术的有关要求,结合发达国家在医疗废物处置领域最佳可行技术的做法和经验,进行了国内医疗废物处置技术的可行性分析,并提出了我国医疗废物最佳可行技术选择建议。     

金属矿山土壤重金属污染生物修复研究进展

金属矿区及周边土壤重金属污染已成为严重的环境问题之一。重金属污染使土壤质量下降,生态系统退化,同时污染农作物,威胁到人类的健康。目前,修复重金属污染土壤的方法很多,包括物理、化学、生物等方法。其中生物修复法近年来得到了特别的重视,并取得了显著进展。文章全面介绍了目前各种生物修复技术:植物修复、微生物修复以及微生物-植物联合修复,包括修复原理、进展、优缺点等。矿山固体废物和酸性废水导致矿区土壤中富集大量重金属,结合目前生物修复技术及其应用,对金属矿山重金属污染土壤的整体修复提出设想,并进一步指出发展方向:将基因工程引入植物的重金属修复;构建菌根-植物-微生物修复体系,促进土壤重金属污染的生物修复。     

Pentachlorophenol degradation by Pseudomonas stutzeri CL7 in the secondary sludge of pulp and paper mill

A pentachlorophenol (PCP) mineralizing bacterium was isolated from the secondary sludge of pulp and paper mill and identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri strain CL7. This isolate used PCP as its sole source of carbon and energy and was capable of degrading this compound as indicated by stoichiometric release of chloride and biomass formation. P. stutzeri (CL7) was able to mineralize a high concentration of PCP (600 mg/L) than any previously reported Pseudomonad with PCP as sole carbon source. As the concentration of PCP increased from 50 to 600 mg/L, the reduction in the cell growth was observed and the PCP degradation was more than 90% in all studied concentrations. This isolate was able to remove 66.8% of PCP from the secondary sludge of pulp and paper mill when supplemented with 100 mg/L of PCP and grown for two weeks. This study showed that the removal e ciency of PCP by CL7 was found to be very e ective and can be used in PCP remediation of pulp paper mill waste in the environment.     

蚯蚓辅助微生物修复芘污染土壤

通过微宇宙实验,研究了蚯蚓对不同土壤中芘的微生物降解率的影响及蚯蚓对芘的富集率.结果表明,有机质较高土壤中芘的微生物降解率和蚯蚓富集率都低于有机质低的土壤,而老化作用降低了芘的生物有效性.无论在新鲜染毒还是老化的土壤中.蚯蚓均可提高土壤中芘的去除率和微生物降解率.在新鲜染毒的红壤和潮土中,蚯蚓可使芘的去除率由41.78%和27.02%分别提高到89.24%和57.53%,其中分别有51.48%和41.63%是蚯蚓促进的微生物降解作用引起的,37.76%和15.90%归因于蚯蚓富集作用.而在老化的红壤和潮土中,蚯蚓可使芘的去除率由36.53%和20.50%分别提高到91.93%和45.46%,其中分别有54.43%和32.83%是蚯蚓促进的微生物降解作用引起的,37.50%和12.63%归因于蚯蚓富集作用.     

水绵(Spirogyra)的除磷特性及其对微藻生长的抑制作用

针对富营养化水体的除磷和微型藻类生物生长的抑制问题,研究了水绵(Spirogyra)的除磷特性及其对微藻生长的抑制作用.以蓝藻中的Microcystis aeruginosa、绿藻中的Scenedesmus为代表,研究了Spirogyra对微型藻类生物生长的抑制特性.共培养实验结果表明,Spirogyra对以上2种藻类的生长具有明显的抑制作用,对Chlorella的生长也有同样的抑制作用;共培养、Spirogyra培养液及其过滤液对Microcystis aeruginosa、Scenedesmus生长的影响等实验表明,这种抑制作用是因Spirogyra生长的代谢分泌物或其共生微生物而引起.用总磷(TP)浓度小于1.60mg·L-1的模拟湖水进行实验,发现Spirogyra在生长过程中可以有效地去除水中的磷.磷的去除效率与氮营养物成份有关,NH4 -N/NO3--N质量比为3:7时除磷效率最高.除磷过程中无机氮磷比的变化规律表明,除却Spirogyra同化除磷之外,Spirogyra生长会引起水体pH升高,从而诱导磷沉积是除磷的重要机制之一.Spirogyra对微型藻类生长良好的抑制性能以及除磷特性为富营养化水体的生物修复、水源水的保护提供了新的技术途径.     

Isolation and characterization of atrazine-degrading Arthrobacter sp. AD26 and use of this strain in bioremediation of contaminated soil

A bacterial strain (AD26) capable of utilizing atrazine as a sole nitrogen source for growth was isolated from an industrial wastewater sample by enrichment culture. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified AD26 as an Arthrobacter sp. PCR assays indicated that AD26 contained atrazine-degrading genes trzN and atzBC. The trzN gene of AD26 only differs from the trzN of Arthrobacter aurescens TC1 by one base (A→T at 907) and one amino acid (Met→Leu at 303). The specific activity of trzN of AD26 in crude cell ext...     

真菌-细菌修复石油污染土壤的协同作用机制研究

提出并研究了真菌和细菌协同强化原位修复石油污染土壤.从中原油田石油污染土壤中筛选出刺孢小克银汉霉菌(Cunninghamella echinulata)和阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacae),在泥浆体系中考察了Cun.echinulata和E.cloacae的生长及其对石油烃的降解过程.结果表明,混合培养体系中细菌和真菌的数量最高分别为其纯培养体系的3倍和20倍,细胞衰亡则被明显推迟;混合培养体系中石油烃的去除率高于真菌和细菌纯培养体系石油烃去除率的总和;采用多次接种新鲜菌种的培养方式能够强化混合培养体系对石油烃的降解.在石油烃污染土壤中接入由Cun.echinulata和E.Cloacae所组成的真菌-细菌微生物制剂实施原位修复,结果表明,Cun.echinulata和E.Cloacae的生长及其对石油烃的降解不受土著微生物的抑制,最适工艺条件为:水和木屑含量分别为25%和6%(质量分数),Cun.echinulata和E.cloacae接种量分别为2.5×104和2.5 × 107CFU/g.接种上述真菌-细菌40 d后石油烃去除率可达约65%,而土著微生物对石油烃去除率为16.0%.