水域泄漏油品回收处理技术

提出了水域泄漏油品回收技术的装备需求,介绍了水域泄漏油品问收处理措施.采用拦油栅来控制漂浮在水上的油品,将泄漏油品集中在相对较小的区域内,并使水面的浮油层加厚,然后使用人工或机械对泄漏油品进行回收.对于水域中的少量泄漏油品,采用吸油材料来进行吸附.在油膜较薄,难以用机械方法回收的情况下,使用消油剂或固化剂进行处理.水域...     

Respiration induced by substrate and bacteria diversity after application of diuron,hexazinone, and sulfometuron-methyl alone and in mixture

Abstract

After application, herbicides often reach the soil and affect non-target soil microorganisms, decreasing their population, diversity or affecting metabolic activity. Therefore, laboratory studies were performed to evaluate the effects of diuron, hexazinone and sulfometuron-methyl alone and mixed upon carbon transformation by soil microorganisms in clayey and sandy soils and the effect on bacterial diversity and structure. Control treatment without herbicide application was also performed. Sub-samples from the control and herbicide treatments (10?g – in triplicate) were collected before herbicide application and 7, 14, 28 and 42?days after treatment (DAT), then 1?mL of ¹⁴C-glucose solution was applied. The released ¹⁴CO₂ was trapped in 2?M NaOH solution and the radioactivity was analyzed by liquid scintillation counting (LSC), 12?h after glucose application. The effect of herbicides on bacterial diversity was evaluated by T-RFLP. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design. Hexazinone did not affect ¹⁴CO₂ evolution. Diuron showed a greater ¹⁴CO₂ evolution in sandy and clayey soil, while sulfometuron-methyl led to an increase in sandy soil, at 42 DAT. A greater evolution of carbon was observed in the treatment with herbicide mixture in sandy soil, compared with the same treatment in clayey soil or control. However, the herbicide mixture application did not affect the soil biological activity measured by the respiration rate induced by substrate. On the other hand, the herbicide mixtures affected the bacterial diversity in both soils, being the strongest effect to diuron and sulfometuron-methyl in clayey soil and hexazinone in sandy soil.     

Biodegradation of endosulfan-contaminated soil in a pilot-scale reactor-bioaugmented with mixed bacterial culture

A novel mixed bacterial culture was enriched from an endosulfan (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10 – hexachloro-1, 5, 5a, 6, 9, 9a-hexahydro-6, 9-methano-2, 3, 4-benzo (e) dioxathiepin-3-oxide) processing industrial surface soil. The cultures were successful in the degradation of aqueous phase endosulfan in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Using the cultures, endosulfan degradation in silty gravel with sand (GM) was examined via pilot scale reactor at an endosulfan concentration of 0.78 ± 0.01 mg g^{? 1} of soil, and optimized moisture content of 40 ± 1%. During operation, vertical spatial variability in endosulfan degradation was observed within the reactor. At the end of 56 days, maximum endosulfan degradation efficiency of 78 ± 0.2% and 86.91 ± 0.2% was observed in the top and bottom portion of the reactor, respectively. Both aerobic and anaerobic conditions were observed within the reactor. However, endosulfan degradation was predominant in anaerobic condition and the total protein concentration in the reactor was declined progressively down the soil depth. Throughout the study, no known intermediate metabolites of endosulfan reported by previous researchers were observed.     

Binding of the veterinary drug tetracycline to bovine hemoglobin and toxicological implications

Tetracycline (TC) is a widely used veterinary drug in animal breeding and fishery. Because of its low bioavailability, the TC residue extensively exists in the environment (e.g. soils, lakes and rivers), which can enter the human body, being potentially harmful. Hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein responsible for oxygen carrying in the vascular system of animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of bovine hemoglobin (BHb) with TC through spectroscopic and molecular modeling methods. The experimental results revealed that TC can interact with BHb with one binding site to form a TC-BHb complex, mainly through van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds. The UV-visible absorption, synchronous fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) results revealed that the binding of TC can cause conformational and some microenvironmental changes of BHb, which may affect BHb physiological functions. The synchronous fluorescence experiment disclosed that TC binds into BHb central cavity, which was verified by molecular modeling study. The work contributes to clarify the molecular mechanism of TC toxicity in vivo.     

对啶虫脒污染土壤的生物修复作用简

啶虫脒属于一种新型的氯化烟碱类杀虫剂,被认为是替代有机磷农药的重要品种之一,在世界范围内已经得到了广泛的应用,其在环境中的残留备受关注,利用微生物修复异源污染物是一种有效的措施。在实验室条件下,研究了高效降解菌D-2（噬染料菌属,Pigmentiphaga sp.）对被啶虫脒污染土壤的修复作用及其影响因素。结果表明,降解菌株在未灭菌土壤中的降解效果要略好于灭菌土壤,在土壤外源添加降解菌2×10⁸ cfu/g,温度20~40℃,弱碱性（pH 7.5）的条件下,该菌株能有效降解土壤中1~200 mg/kg的啶虫脒。啶虫脒施用对土壤种群结构有一定的影响,可以刺激细菌和真菌的生长,从而使土壤微生物群落结构发生改变,而降解菌的施用可缓解啶虫脒对土壤微生物的影响,修复受污染土壤。因此,人工接种降解菌D-2可提高土壤中啶虫脒的降解率,有效降低其在土壤中的残留。     

2种填料作为生物膜载体修复微污染河水的比较

采用序批式生物反应器(SBBR),在水温为(19.0±1.5)℃,DO≥4.5 mg/L条件下,比较基于2种生物膜填料(竹丝和空心塑料球)上的微生物对微污染河水中高锰酸钾指数(COD Mn)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)等的去除效果。结果表明,经过4 h的运行,竹丝作为生物膜载体时,COD Mn、TN的去除分别为17.5%~48.8%和49.38%~70.93%,但TP的去除效果不明显;而基于空心塑料球的生物膜对COD Mn的去除率仅为2.4%~42%,对TN和TP去除效果均不明显。通过显微分析发现,基于竹丝填料生物载体上微生物种类、数量明显多于空心塑料球。     

城市内河生物修复及其对底泥氮素转化影响的实验研究

对在城市内河底泥有机质与有机氮含量高的特殊环境下进行水体修复的可行性与修复方法进行了探讨.富含高有机氮的城市内河底泥是氮素的重要释放源,采用向水体曝气可以有效地促使总氮与NH3-N的降解,与未曝气相比,10 d后曝气条件下二者的去除率分别达到81%和92%;此时再以土著水生植物进行修复可以显著地提高水体修复的效果、稳定性与修复成功率,并使总氮、NH3-N维持在1 ms/L和0.5 ms/L以下.但应避免城市内河有效光辐射的减少对水体修复影响.     

微生物金矿处理技术进展及应用前景

回顾了已经出现的多种微生物金矿处理技术,对他们的作用机理、浸金结果、完善措施和存在的问题等进行了综合评述,在此基础上,作者探讨了微生物金矿处理技术的研究方向及其工业化前景。     

固定化微生物技术修复PAHs污染土壤的研究进展

多环芳烃(PAHs)是环境中普遍存在的一类典型有机污染物,绿色修复PAHs污染土壤已成为国内外环境和土壤界共同关注的热点问题之一.作为一种新型的微生物修复技术,固定化微生物修复有机污染土壤正受到越来越多的关注,国内外相关研究刚刚开始.本文重点评述了近几年国内外有关固定化微生物技术修复PAHs污染土壤的最新进展,总结了固定化微生物技术的修复原理、微生物固定化载体的选择、高效降解菌的筛选、固定化方法及影响因素等方面,并提出今后的发展方向,为我国开展固定化微生物技术修复有机污染土壤的研究提供参考.     

泥浆体系中受喹啉污染土壤的生物修复

将受喹啉污染的土壤 (污染量为 1mg/g土)与一定量的水混合形成泥浆 ,通过引入专性喹啉降解菌皮氏伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia pickettii)进行土壤的生物修复 .结果表明 ,采用引入喹啉降解菌的生物强化技术进行受喹啉污染的土壤的生物修复是可行的 .喹啉降解菌的引入大大加快了喹啉的生物降解过程 .最快只需 6h就可将喹啉完全去除 .考察比较了投菌量 ,泥浆中的含水量及营养元素(N,P)的存在对生物修复效果的影响 .土壤对难降解有机物喹啉的吸附等温线符合弗兰德里希方程 .