地下水铀污染的原位微生物还原与固定:在美国能源部田纳西橡树岭放射物污染现场的试验

总结了美国斯坦福大学和橡树岭国家实验室等在美国能源部田纳西州橡树岭综合试验基地进行的铀污染原位微生物修复阶段性试验结果.本试验利用微生物以乙醇为电子供体还原地下水和沉积物中的六价铀为不溶解的四价铀,使之原位固定化.随后通过加入溶解氧和硝酸盐来试验微生物还原后的地下水层中还原固定态铀的稳定性.通过预处理和长期间隔注入乙醇...     

Characterization of metal doped-titanium dioxide and behaviors on photocatalytic oxidation of nitrogen oxides

A series of nanosized ion-doped TiO_2 catalysts with different ion content(between 0.1 at.% and 1.0 at.%) have been prepared by wet impregnation method and investigated with respect to their behavior for UV photocatalytic oxidation of nitric oxide.The catalytic activity was correlated with structural,electronic and surface examinations of the catalysts using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD),ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)absorption spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),energy disperse spectrometer (EDS)and high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) techniques.An enhancement of the photocatalytic activity was observed for Zn~(2 ) doping catalyst ranged from 0.1 at.% to 1.0 at.% which was attributed to the lengthened lifetime of electrons and holes.The improvement in photocatalytic activity could be also observed with the low doping concentration of Cr~(3 )(0.1 at.%). However,the doping of Fe~(3 ),Mo~(6 ),Mn~(2 ) and the high doping concentration of Cr~(3 ) had no contribution to photocatalytic activity of nitric oxide.     

石油污染土壤生物修复中试系统对微生物特性的影响

微生物作为土壤石油烃生物降解的主体,其活性是提高石油降解效率的关键要素.在石油污染土壤生物修复过程中,环境条件的改变造成微生物特性及其降解活性的相应变化.与现场调研的土壤相比,生物修复中试系统中微生物密度提高了1个数量级,FDA活性提高了1.5倍.由于环境胁迫产生的诱导作用,除油微生物优势明显.中试系统运行稳定后,除油微生物密度比微生物总密度低1个数量级,污染土壤中微生物的活性与除油微生物的密度变化更趋于一致.扫描电镜和显微镜观察结果表明,生物修复系统微生物以杆菌、球菌为主,革兰氏染色呈阳性.生物修复不同时期土壤与现场土样相比,其种群构成呈现各自的特点.在生物修复后期,微生物种群多样性有所降低,在强化生物修复中试系统中更为明显.这主要是因为随着反应的进行,环境胁迫对微生物的种群多样性及其相对丰度都产生了诱导.      

地级市域工业VOCs排放源产排特性及其控制技术应用现状:以秦皇岛市为例

对秦皇岛市609家工业企业VOCs的源排放和污染控制技术做了调研.结果表明,VOCs排放源排放的气体流量以石油加工、炼焦和核燃料加工业最高(105m3·h-1).其余行业主要集中在103~105m3·h-1之间.各行业源排放的VOCs浓度均小于1 000 mg·m-3,各行业的VOCs排放速率差异性较大,介于50~10 000 g·h-1之间.其中交通运输设备制造业、石油加工、炼焦和核燃料加工业、机械设备制造业、印刷和记录媒介复制业及化学原料和化学制品制造业的排放浓度和排放速率均较高.和国内之前的调查研究相比,秦皇岛市工业企业VOCs的排放水平相对较低.此次调研的609家工业企业中拥有VOCs处理设施的案例共109个.吸附技术应用的占比最大(69%).其次为吸收技术(19%).     

水华蓝藻毒素研究概述

随着科技进步,发现的有毒种类越来越多,毒素分子结构的研究也越来越清楚。在大量文献的基础上,综合介绍水华微囊藻毒素、水华束丝藻毒素和水华鱼腥藻毒素对动物的毒害、毒素结构、检测方法和去除方法,并讨论存在的问题。     

利用GIS技术进行海洋环境质量评价的研究

以我国专属经济区生物资源调查为基础,探讨了海洋环境质量评价的GIS方法,建立了应用GIS技术进行海洋生物资源栖息环境质量评价的基本思路和技术流程,提出了相关的评价属性数据库建立的要点,有关指标体系的选取及评价模式作了重点分析,对空间分析算法进行了分析比较。结果表明GIS与评价模型的结合可以快捷、准确地评价海洋生物资源栖息环境质量。     

石油污染土壤修复技术研究进展

综述了石油污染土壤修复技术的最新发展现状,包括物化修复技术与生物修复技术,并对各项修复技术的适用性进行了综合评价。     

Combined remediation of DDT congeners and cadmium in soil by Sphingobacterium sp. D-6 and Sedum alfredii Hance

Combined pollution of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) and cadmium (Cd) in agricultural soils is of great concern because they present serious risk to food security and human health.In order to develop a cost-effective and safe method for the removal of DDTs and Cd in soil,combined remediation of DDTs and Cd in soil by Sphingobacterium sp.D-6 and the hyperaccumulator,Sedum alfredii Hance was investigated.After treatment for 210 days,the degradation half-lives of DDTs in soils treated by strain D-6 decreased by 8.1% to 68.0% compared with those in the controls.The inoculation of strain D-6 into soil decreased the uptake of DDTs by pak choi and S.alfredii.The shoots/roots ratios of S.alfredii for the Cd accumulation ranged from 12.32 to 21.75.The Cd concentration in soil decreased to 65.8%-71.8% for S.alfredii treatment and 14.1%-58.2% for S.alfredii and strain D-6 combined treatment,respectively,compared with that in the control.The population size of the DDTs-degrading strain,Simpson index (1/D) and soil respiratory rate decreased in the early stage of treatment and then gradually increased,ultimately recovering to or exceeding the initial level.The results indicated that synchronous incorporation of strain D-6 and S.alfredii into soil was found to significantly (p 0.05) enhance the degradation of DDTs in soil and the hyperaccumulation of Cd in S.alfredii.It was concluded that strain D-6 and S.alfredii could be used successfully to control DDTs and Cd in contaminated soil.     

硝基芳香化合物的微生物降解研究进展

硝基芳香化合物是环境中难降解有机污染物之一,由于其用途广泛,对环境的污染日趋严重,利用生物降解硝基芳香化合物是行之有效的方法。文章针对硝基芳香化合物生物降解过程,汇总了用于降解的微生物资源,并对硝基芳香化合物生物代谢途径、降解过程中的主要酶、降解性质粒、基因定位等分子遗传学的研究进展进行了综述。     

有机污染土壤的生物修复实践及其发展前景

文章就土壤污染及其修复技术进行了阐述,特别介绍了有机污染土壤的生物修复技术。通过对石油、PAH、氯酚、PCDDs等有机污染土壤进行生物修复的成功实践,阐明了生物修复技术相对于传统技术所具有的优势,并对该技术的应用前景和研究方向进行了展望。