生物强化技术在生物修复中的应用

对生物强化技术在生物修复中的应用情况进行了探讨,主要从生物强化技术的基础与分类、应用、系统的设计与运行等方面进行了讨论。生物强化技术以生物修复工程为技术支撑,利用高效的降解微生物治理目标污染物,在环境污染治理中具有广阔的应用前景.     

植物促生菌在重金属生物修复中的作用机制及应用

重金属污染是导致生态和环境退化的主要因素之一.土壤重金属污染会降低土壤质量、农作物产量和品质,甚至威胁人类健康.因此,优化土壤重金属污染治理措施,对于农业高产优质可持续具有重要意义.诸多国内外学者在重金属污染植物修复方面开展了大量研究,但由于受土壤和气候环境条件的影响,其修复效率受到制约.微生物与植物的协同修复被认为是环境胁迫条件下提高重金属污染修复效率的一种有效手段.耐重金属的植物促生细菌（PGPB）不仅可以促进植物生长,提高对生物胁迫（如病原菌）和非生物胁迫（如干旱、高盐、极端温度和重金属等）的抗性,还可以改变土壤中重金属的生物利用度和毒性,从而提高植物对重金属的修复效率.系统地梳理了耐重金属的PGPB在促进植物生长,增强植物抗逆性和影响重金属生物利用度方面的作用机制,并进一步综述了近年来国内外关于PGPB在生态修复中的应用和研究进展.     

生物表面活性剂在环境生物工程中的应用

生物表面活性剂是由细菌,酵母或真菌生成的天然产物,由于其化学结构和物理性质相近或优于许多人工合成表面活性剂,并且对淡水,海水地球生态系统毒性较低,因而在环境污染的治理方面,特别是对石油和有机溶剂类污染现场的生物补救,具有极大的应用潜力。     

城市大气可吸入颗粒物的研究进展

可吸入颗粒物逐渐成为我国许多大中城市的首要空气污染物,对其研究是当前国际大气化学界的研究热点。纵观国内外有关可吸入颗粒物的研究进展,主要是围绕可吸入颗粒物的来源及解析技术、基本特性、采样及分析方法、对人类危害和对环境的影响等方面进行了阐述,同时也对今后的研究发展趋势进行了展望。     

Effects of combination of plant and microorganism on degradation of simazine in soil

The degradative characteristics of simazine （SIM）, microbial biomass carbon, plate counts of heterotrophic bacteria and most probably number （MPN） of SIM degraders in uninoculated non-rhizosphere soil, uninoculated rhizosphere soil, inoculated non- rhizosphere soil, and inoculated rhizosphere soil were measured. At the initial concentration of 20 mg SIM/kg soil, the half-lives of SIM in the four treated soils were measured to be 73.0, 52.9, 16.9, and 7.8 d, respectively, and corresponding kinetic data fitted first-order kinetics. The experimental results indicated that higher degradation rates of SIM were observed in rhizosphere soils, especially in inoculated rhizosphere soil. The degradative characteristics of SIM were closely related to microbial process. Vegetation could enhance the magnitude of rhizosphere microbial communities, microbial biomass content, and heterotrophic bacterial community, but did little to influence those community components responsible for SIM degradation. This suggested that rhizosphere soil inoculated with microorganisms-degrading target herbicides was a useful pathway to achieve rapid degradation of the herbicides in soil.     

Antimony (Sb) – pollution and removal techniques – critical assessment of technologies

In view of increasing emissions of antimony (Sb) into the environment due to industrialization and consequent carcinogenicity, it is essential to remove this metal from the ecosystem. Antimony and arsenic (As) are analogs. Although numerous studies examined arsenic removal, few reports are available on Sb removal. In this review, various Sb removal techniques are described to understand how this process occurs and what research gaps are needed to improve efficiency. At present, surface adsorption technique is the most widely used for Sb removal. Biological treatment namely phytoremediation is also a promising method and more investigations are required in this regard. The selection of a suitable technique for a given area depends on the conditions including economic, environmental, and social conditions.     

Accumulation of heavy metals in two crop seeds due to soil contamination as determined by neutron activation analysis techniques

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污染水体底泥治理技术研究进展

水体底泥污染,是世界范围内的一个环境问题,污染物通过大气沉降、废水排放、雨水淋溶与冲刷进入水体,最后沉积到底泥中并逐渐富集,底泥中主要的污染物有重金属、营养元素、难降解有机物.目前底泥的治理方法有原位修复和异位处置,原位修复主要有掩蔽技术、淋洗技术;异位处置主要有卫生填埋、堆肥法、干式热处理;生物修复技术是既可用于原位修复又可用于异位处置的一种方法,具有投资少、见效快且没有二次污染的优点,是一种具有广阔应用前景的技术.     

Remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with membrane separation techniques

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热重分析(TG)与质谱分析(MS)联用技术在环境领域应用前景分析

简要介绍了热分析技术发展的一个重要方向--热重-质谱联用技术(TG-MS),在阐述TG-MS的发展历史和联用技术的基础上介绍了国内外科学家利用TG-MS技术在环境保护领域取得的研究成果,并展望了该技术的应用前景.