土壤重金属污染的探讨

随着工农业的发展，土壤重金属污染日益严重。文章综述了土壤重金属污染的现状、污染迁移途径以及危害，并阐述了土壤重金属污染的治理方法。提出了在众多治理方法中，土壤重金属污染生物修复方法是绿色技术，是未来的发展趋势。     

污染水体的生物修复技术进展

随着全球范围内水体污染的加剧,近年来水体修复技术不断取得新的进展。根据国内外有关水体生物修复的文献,对水体生物修复的最新进展作了综述,并提出水体修复技术的研究与应用方向。     

柴油污染土壤原位生物修复实验研究

针对污染土壤原位生物修复技术,实验测得了实验用土壤的粒径范围、渗透率等物理性质及强制通风对于土壤内液体饱和度分布的影响,并以柴油为污染物进行了生物降解实验.实验结果表明:实验用土壤属砂质土壤,其气体渗透率为1.72×10-12m2.土壤中液体饱和度随着土壤深度的增加而增加.在微生物的作用下,土壤中的柴油污染物被降解,26天的降解效率可达60%,在渗透廊液位较低(土壤中质量含水量为CW=15%～20%)时,柴油不会下渗到土壤表层40cm以下,从而减小了污染深度.在渗透廊液位高度相同时,较大气体流量下土壤中残留的柴油含量较大.而在相同气体流量时,较大液体流量下土壤中残留的柴油含量较低.     

Destruction of VOCs by combination of corona discharge and catalysis techniques

The catalytic effect of alumina on the destruction of toluene, benzene, acetone and methanol, in DC pulsed corona discharge reactor was studied. In the presence of alumina the inlet concentration of the VOCs was varied from 5 x 10-6 mol/L to 80% x 10-6 mol/L, and their decomposition efficiency (conversion %) was found to be 99%-80% for toluene, 99%-97% for benzene, 95%-92% for acetone, and 72%-85% for methanol. Corresponding decomposition in the absence of alumina was 90%-38% for toluene, 89%-57% forbenzene, 42%-30% for acetone, and 47%-19% for methanol. Feed gas flow rate was 400 cm3/min and power reading from DC source was 7.4 W in all of the experiments. Alumina also shifted the CO/CO2 ratio in the by-products in favor of CO2. Ozone concentration at the reactor outlet was higher in the presence of alumina. Enhancement in VOCs decomposition by alumina was explained on the basis of higher concentration of ozone and its precursor atomic oxygen [O].Decomposition efficiency (conversion %) for individual compounds was found to be inversely proportional to the ionization potential of the compound, under identical conditions. Double DC high voltage sources pulse generator was tested and found to improve VOCs decomposition compared with the conventional single DC high voltage source.     

环境生物技术的研究现状及发展趋势

进入21世纪以来,减轻环境污染和遏制生态恶化趋势已成为人们关注的焦点.为了满足人们对清洁的土壤、空气和水环境的需要,当今世界各国无不大力发展环境生物技术.介绍了环境生物技术的形成发展,着重分析了环境生物技术的研究现状及其发展趋势.     

污染河流生物修复技术研究

河流污染逐渐严重,给人们的生活、生产和健康造成巨大危害。文章对用生物修复技术治理污染河流的影响因素和方法进行了简要的介绍。     

海滩石油污染的生物修复

探讨了油污染海滩的生物修复技术，以及适合采用该技术的海岸线类型。主要内容有：生物修复常用的几种方法；每种方法的作用机理及在溢油生物修复中的应用；各种方法在应用中存在的问题、解决办法及最新研究动态。文章认为，溢油生物修复的理论基础有待进一步完善，未来的生物修复技术应是多种方法的有机融合。     

小分子有机碳源对滴滴涕污染沉积物生物修复作用的基础研究

考察了辽河沉积物p,p'-DDT在无外加碳源和外加乳酸钠或丙酸钠情况下的缺氧生的降解行为，降解过程中体系的pH变化，并测定了p,p'-DDT的主要缺氧降解产物及其浓度变化，结果表现，p,p'-DDT的缺氧脱氯行为符合准一级反应动力学，无外加碳源，DDT的缺氧脱氯降解有近一个月的滞后期，降解速率为k（无碳源）＝0.0082d^-1，而外加碳源物质，大大缩短了DDT缺氧脱氯降解的滞后，降解速率分别为k(乳酸钠）＝0.0917d^-1,k(丙酸钠）＝0.1023d^-1，而且，p,p'-DDT的缺氧还原脱氯行为主要发生在体系中pH上升的阶段，p-p'-DDT缺氧生物降解的主要产物是p,p'-DDD，并有少量的p,p'-DDE产生；p,p'-DDD主要发生在体系中pH上升的阶段，p,p'-DDT缺氧生物降解的主要产物是p,p'-DDD，并有少量的p,p'-DDE产生，p,p'-DDD在后期有降解。     

石油烃类污染土壤的生物修复技术研究进展

介绍了治理石油烃类污染土壤的各种生物修复技术——原位处理法、异位处理法(现场处理法、预制床法、堆制处理法、生物反应器、厌氧生物处理法)及植物修复技术的原理、研究、应用的最新进展；分析了生物修复技术的影响因素及未来的发展趋势。     

Aerial photographs: their use in guiding pilgrims and pointers for developing countries

The problems faced by authorities in Saudi Arabia in managing the large numbers of pilgrims visiting Muna during a brief period each year has led to experiments with aerial photography and computer techniques. This paper describes briefly the new method initiated in 1981 emphasising the remarkably short time available for information assembly and interpretation and concludes with pointers towards the development of the techniques for Third World urbanisation studies.