Combination of the direct electro-Fenton process and bioremediation for the treatment of pyrene-contaminated soil in a slurry reactor

A combined treatment technology (DEF-BIO) using the direct electro-Fenton (DEF) process and bioremediation (BIO) was established in this study. The performance of the DEF-BIO process on the remediation of a pyrene (PYR)-contaminated soil was evaluated in a slurry reactor. The appropriate order of application was to conduct the DEF process followed by BIO, evaluated through analysis of the degradation characteristics of each process individually. In addition, the application time of the DEF process affected the efficiency of the combined process. The optimum time to apply the DEF process was determined through an analysis of the induced changes in PYR intermediates, pH, soil organic matter (SOM) and bacteria. The optimum application time of the DEF process was 6 h. All the induced changes were beneficial for the BIO phase. The removal of PYR was 91.02% for DEF–BIO after 72 h, and the efficiency was almost 50% increased, compared with the individual DEF and BIO treatments. Therefore, the combined process of DEF–BIO process may be an efficient and promising method for the remediation.     

生物修复石油污染盐碱土壤小试模拟系统中土壤性质与微生物特性变化

利用生物刺激(BS)、生物刺激+生物强化(BS+BA)2种方案修复石油污染盐碱土壤,考察了不同处理小试模拟系统中石油烃及16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的降解率、土壤pH值、表面张力、脱氢酶活性和微生物群落结构的变化.结果表明:腐殖酸、诺沃肥和生物有机钙等土壤改良剂及营养盐的加入使土壤盐碱环境得到明显改善,pH值由8.1~8.2降低至7.6~7.8,并随着酸性代谢产物的累积降低至6.6~7.0.随着微生物活动BS+BA与BS处理土壤溶液表面张力分别由72.2,71.8mN/m降低到64.9,67.2mN/m,提高了石油烃的生物可利用性.对比2组小试系统,BS+BA处理修复效果更加显著,对石油烃、总PAHs的降解率可达到50.8%,69.2%,而BS处理为40.5%和61.2%.其中添加菌剂对5~6环PAHs的去除效果明显.不同修复策略对土壤微生物有显著影响,表现为土壤脱氢酶活性及微生物群落结构的动态变化.     

鱼腥草对土壤中镉的富集及根系微生物的促进作用

通过采集自然条件的鱼腥草和未受污染的土壤,在实验室条件下培育,以及利用镉的筛选,培养出土壤菌悬液,研究了鱼腥草Huttuynia cordata对土壤中镉的富集作用,以及经过根系微生物处理后放线菌对富集后转移的促进作用。结果表明,根部经过微生物处理的鱼腥草地上部（土壤含镉200 mg·kg^-1）有最高的含镉浓度和最大的富集量,分别是是对照组的20倍和50倍。土壤含镉50 mg·kg^-1时,鱼腥草地上部与地下部镉富集量的比例是2.5,高于对照组（1.5）。而当土壤含镉200 mg.kg^-1时,经过处理的鱼腥草地上部与地下部镉含量之比是未经处理的2倍。所以,鱼腥草对土壤中的镉有很强的富集作用,且在根系微生物的促进下,地下部的镉能更有效地转移到地上部,大大加强植物的修复效率;且与其他的诸如添加化学螯合剂等方法相比,土壤根系微生物能更好地适应植物根系环境,更不会对土壤本身的微生态系统造成二次污染。所以研究根系环境中微生物、根系、土壤酶、金属离子等的相互影响关系,将是土壤重金属植物修复的另一重要领域。     

菌根在污染土壤生物修复中的作用

菌根是土壤真菌 -植物根系形成的共生体 ,广泛存在于自然界中 ,它能增强植物的吸收能力 ,改善植物的生长 ,提高植株的抗逆能力和耐受能力等。所以 ,菌根化植物可作为很好的生物修复载体。本文主要从无机、有机以及放射性污染 3方面对国内外关于菌根在污染土壤生物修复中的作用进行了综述     

环境样品中农药的前处理及检测技术研究进展

综述了近年来农药环境样品的前处理及检测技术,介绍了各种前处理和检测技术的应用情况,在此基础上对环境中残留农药的前处理及检测技术的发展进行了展望.     

水产养殖自身污染及其生物修复技术

介绍了生物修复的概念、水产养殖存在的自身污染问题及其主要生物修复技术.营养物污染、药物污染和底泥富集污染是水产养殖存在的主要自身污染问题;微生物修复、水生植物修复和水生动物修复是污染养殖水域生物修复的3种主要形式;微生物的有效性、生物入侵、二次污染、修复生物的季节性和非水生植物的利用等方面是实施生物修复应注意的主要方面.最后指出,推行清洁生产、实行生态养殖是水产养殖业可持续发展的出路.     

A risk-estimation methodological framework using quantitative assessment techniques and real accidents’ data: Application in an aluminum extrusion industry

The risk estimation presumably is the most crucial part of the entire procedure of assessing hazards/unsafe situations in the work, and especially in the industries’ and constructions’ worksites, where the working conditions are unstable. We can consider the risk as a quantity, which can be estimated and expressed by a mathematical relation, under the help of real accidents’ data. The aim of this work is quadruplicate: (a) the development, elaboration and explanation of two new quantitative risk-assessment techniques, (b) the improvement of specific points of other scientific works, as far as concerns quantitative risk estimation, (c) the application of these techniques on an industrial productive procedure (as a case study) and (d) the comparison of their outcome risk-estimation results. Particularly, we develop and analyze the theoretical background of the two techniques, which we call as “proportional technique” and “decision matrix technique”, and apply them on an aluminum extrusion industry's worksite, which is situated in Greece, by using real data of potential sources of hazards, recorded by safety managers, during the 5.5-year time period of 1999–2004. Comparing the results of the two quantitative risk-assessment techniques, we infer that they are compatible. Therefore, the most important hazard source in the aluminum industry is the “squeezing and hits by dropping objects (transported by derricks)”, and imposes that immediate suppressive measures must be taken place to abolish the danger source.     

外源微生物对植物根系修复十溴联苯醚污染底泥的强化作用

十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)作为溴系阻燃剂的主要代表之一,所造成的沉积物环境污染问题日益引起人们的重视.本研究利用河边常见植物再力花(Thalia dealbata)作为修复植物,引入外源微生物短短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus brevis)和铅黄肠球菌(Enterococcus casselifavus)以强化修复效果,通过盆栽试验模拟沉积物环境,考察了外源菌对植物根际修复沉积物中BDE-209的强化作用效果,以及不同处理组,沉积物中微生物数量、有机酸含量和微生物碳源利用能力的变化.结果发现,外源菌处理组中BDE-209的去除率高于相应的对照组,其中以加入B.brevis根际处理组BDE-209的去除率最好(66%),大于非根际处理组和无植物处理的对照组(37.93%和39.27%).植物的根际作用可以提高底泥中BDE-209的去除率、微生物的数量、有机酸含量和碳源利用能力.     

氯嘧磺隆降解菌的筛选及对污染土壤的生物修复

采用富集培养方法从江苏某激素研究所污水处理池排污口污泥中分离得到1株氯嘧磺隆降解菌,经菌株形态学特征和26S rDNA序列分析,鉴定为胶红酵母菌（Rhodotorula mucilaginosa ）.经降解条件优化,菌株对含100mg/L氯嘧磺隆的无机盐培养基中氯嘧磺隆的最佳降解条件为：接种量2.5%,培养温度28℃,pH 6.0,培养5d后降解率为87.33%;在氯嘧磺隆初始浓度为10mg/kg（干土）的模拟污染土壤中,菌株最佳降解条件为：接种量2.5%,温度25℃,pH 6.0,土壤含水量30%,静息培养30d后降解率为90.74%.土壤修复实验结果表明,施加胶红酵母菌后减轻了氯嘧磺隆对小麦幼苗的药害,在氯嘧磺隆浓度为10mg/kg的土壤中投加降解菌后,小麦的出苗率、株高、根长及鲜重均明显高于未投加降解菌的对照组（P < 0.05）.     

环境样品中多环芳烃的前处理技术

系统地综述了大气、水体、土壤和底泥以及其它环境样品中多环芳烃的前处理技术,对索氏提取、超声波提取、超临界流萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、微波辅助萃取、快速溶剂萃取等前处理技术在环境样品中的应用进行了概述和比较,并对环境样品中多环芳烃前处理技术的发展进行展望．