离子液体萃取法回收废水中的醋酸丁酯

利用离子液体1-己基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐萃取模拟废水中的醋酸丁酯。萃取液经减压蒸馏回收醋酸丁酯,离子液体也得到再生。实验结果表明:萃取率随废水与离子液体体积之比(相比)的增加而减小,随萃取时间的延长而增大,随萃取温度的升高而增大;在相比为6∶1、萃取时间为40min、萃取温度为50℃的条件下,萃取率达98.98%,醋酸丁酯纯度达99.8%;回收后离子液体可重复使用且萃取率基本不变。     

CuO/γ-Al_2O_3类Fenton试剂降解丁基黄药

CuO/γ-Al2O3类Fenton试剂是降解丁基黄药的优良试剂。该试剂与传统的Fenton试剂相比,提高了反应的pH值,可在较高pH（4~5）条件下反应,而传统的Fenton试剂的适宜pH值一般在3以下。采用单因素实验和正交实验相结合的方法研究了pH、催化剂投加量、过氧化氢投加量以及反应时间对丁基黄药降解效果的影响,并对催化剂的使用寿命进行了探讨。研究结果表明,反应的最佳条件为：pH为4~5,催化剂投加量为6 g/L,过氧化氢用量为30 mg/L,反应30min。在此反应条件下,丁基黄药的降解率达98%以上;影响丁基黄药降解效果的因素大小顺序为：pH〉反应时间〉H2O2用量〉催化剂投加量,其中pH对CuO/γ-Al2O3类Fenton试剂降解丁基黄药的影响最为显著。     

丁基黄药对选矿区土壤吸附铅镉的影响

选矿废水排放和尾矿库溢流等会将大量残留的选矿药剂带入选矿区周边土壤和水环境.采用批处理实验,研究了不同pH、初始丁基黄药（PBX）、Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺浓度下,PBX对某铅锌选矿区土壤吸附Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺的影响;并通过BCR连续提取,研究了不同浓度PBX处理后土壤中铅镉形态变化.结果表明,PBX明显抑制了土壤对Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺的吸附.PBX浓度为40mg·L^-1时,土壤对Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺的吸附量分别由未经PBX处理时的3540 mg·kg^-1和387mg·kg^-1降至3085 mg·kg^-1和100mg·kg^-1.无论是否添加PBX,土壤对Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺的吸附动力学过程可用准二级动力学模型拟合,表明Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺在土壤上的吸附是以化学吸附为主.PBX与Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺形成疏水性难溶络合物以及在土壤表面存在竞争吸附是降低土壤Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺吸附量的主要原因,表明PBX能增加Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺在土壤中的迁移性.PBX对土壤Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺吸附的抑制作用随初始Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺浓度的增大而减弱,随初始PBX浓度及溶液pH值的增大而加强,Freundlich方程能较好描述其等温吸附特征.低含量PBX （100mg·kg^-1）下土壤中可交换态和可还原态镉含量有所增加,可导致土壤中镉的活化;但PBX可降低土壤中可交换态和可还原态铅含量,且随PBX含量升高,铅活性降低效果越显著,这与Pb （C₄H₉OCS₂）₂的络合能力比Cd （C₄H₉OCS₂）₂强有关.研究结果表明应加强选矿废水中残留药剂对土壤中铅镉等重金属潜在生态风险的防控.     

Cyhalofop‐p‐butyl mobility and distribution of residues in soil at various depths

This study was conducted to evaluate cyhalofop‐p‐butyl mobility in a sandy loam soil and subsequent distribution of residues at various depths under field conditions. Soil samples were taken from 0 to 150 cm depths at 3–90 d after rains in lysemeter of 1 and 2 m depths. Cyhalofop‐p‐butyl application at two rates and subsequent precipitation had a significant impact on soil, physico‐chemical properties and herbicide mobility. Precipitation caused substantial mobility of cyhalofop‐p‐butyl in the soil and 1.1–7.6 μg L^?1 of cyhalofop‐p‐butyl was found in leachates. Cyhalofop‐p‐butyl residues in the leachates were probably due to preferential flow through the soil. Cyhalofop‐p‐butyl residues were detected in significant amounts from the soil up to 10 d, later, residues were found below the detection limit but its three transformation products viz., cyhalofop acid, diacid, and phenol were detected.     

Biodegradation of plasticizer di‐n‐butyl phthalate (DBP) by immobilized microbial cells

Microorganisms capable of degrading di‐n‐butyl phthalate (DBP) were isolated by acclimated and enrichment technique. The adaptation of microorganism to DBP was investigated. The microbial cells were immobilized on ceramic particles. The results showed that the biomass adsorbed on ceramic particles can reach 85 mg dry weight/g carrier. The immobilized microbial cells were used for the treatment of wastewater containing DBP. The results demonstrated that the DBP concentration of the outlet reached the stationary‐state level of less than 1.0 mg/1 within 2 days at inlet DBP concentration of 100mg/l and 12h of hydraulic retention time.     

New method for acrylic acid recovery from industrial waste water via esterification with 2-ethyl hexanol

Acrylic acid (AA) is an important component for the production of acrylate polymer. In a typical acrylic manufacturing unit, waste water contains AA in a range of 4–15 wt.% contributes to the high values of chemical oxygen demand. Due to the toxicity of AA to the aquatic organism, this wastewater should be treated before it is discharged to the environment. The waste water could be evaporated before sending to the incineration which was neither economic feasible nor environmental friendly. Esterification of wastewater containing carboxylic acid with alcohol could be a promising method to recover the acid by converting it to ester while purifying the wastewater. In the present study, recovery of AA via esterification with 2-ethyl hexanol (2EH) was investigated. The model industrial wastewater with various concentration of AA (10–100% w/w) was reacted with 2EH to produce 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate (2EHA) in the setups with total reflux and continuously water removal. These Amberlyst-15 (ion exchange resin) catalyzed reactions were carried out under the mass transfer resistance free region. The performance of both systems was compared. The yield for the reactions of the AA solutions with the AA concentrations of 30–80% was enhanced significantly when the reactions were carried out using the second setup. The kinetic data of the esterification of dilute AA was well described by the Eley–Rideal (ER) kinetic model incorporated with a correction factor to consider the catalyst fouling effect and pseudo-homogeneous (PH) kinetic model for the AA polymerization. The findings have shown the potential of recovering AA from the waste water stream via esterification. The concentrated AA solutions or larger amount of inhibitor should be adopted to prevent the catalyst fouling by the deposition of poly-acrylic acid on the catalyst surface.     

羧基丁苯聚合物混凝土小变形阻尼研究

材料的阻尼是衡量材料本身成振性能的主要指标。本文采用自由振动法测试得到了一批羧基丁苯混凝土小变形阻尼比的基础性数据。试验结果表明:所采用的阻尼比测试方法和试验过程是可靠的;对同类型的混凝土,混凝土的阻尼比随丁苯胶掺量的增加而增大,混凝土的弹性模量随丁苯胶掺量的增加而降低;丁苯胶掺量在10％～15％时,可获得阻尼比、弹性模量和抗压强度均较高的混凝土。     

Photocatalytic decomposition of mobile-source related pollutants using a continuous-flow reactor

This study evaluated the application of a continuous-flow photocatalytic reactor for the control of two mobile-derived pollutants, methyl-tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) and naphthalene, present at in-vehicle levels. Variables tested for this study included the hydraulic diameter (HD), stream flow rate (SFR), relative humidity (RH), and feeding type (FT). The fixed parameters included contaminant concentration, ultraviolet light source, and the weight of TiO2. In all experimental conditions the adsorption proce...     

采用蒸气吹脱解附法对废弃活性炭回收醋酸丁酯的试验研究

试验用废弃活性炭做回收醋酸丁酯的研究,采用蒸气吹脱解附法,设计制作活性炭解吸塔,考察蒸气用量对活性炭解吸的影响,同时确定最佳解吸时间及可回收的丁酯量,并探讨回收醋酸丁酯的同时能够再生活性炭的试验条件。     

HAZOP技术在溴化丁基橡胶装置的应用

介绍了危险与可操作性分析(HA-ZOP)的程序以及在溴化丁基橡胶装置的应用,根据分析结果提出相应的安全措施。