生物滴滤塔处理药厂含醋酸丁酯、正丁醇和苯乙酸的挥发性混合废气

研究采用装有特制ZX02型填料的生物滴滤塔,对某药厂青霉素车间现场发生的主要含醋酸丁酯、正丁醇和苯乙酸等混合废气进行了3个多月的连续处理中试试验.主要考察了醋酸丁酯、正丁醇和苯乙酸的进气污染物质量负荷(N_w)、停留时间和喷淋水量对各自去除率的影响及生物降解性能.实验运行结果表明,当醋酸丁酯、正丁醇和苯乙酸的最大Nw为229.5 g/(m³·h)、275.4g/(m³·h)和42.5 g/(m³·h)时,其去除率分别为96%、95%和100%.说明本生物滴滤塔能有效去除该厂混合废气,其最佳运行参数为:停留时间31.2s, 喷淋水量为4 L/(L·d).该滴滤塔抗冲击负荷能力强,无堵塞现象,无需经常进行反冲洗,可长期稳定运行.     

羧基丁苯聚合物混凝土小变形阻尼研究

材料的阻尼是衡量材料本身成振性能的主要指标。本文采用自由振动法测试得到了一批羧基丁苯混凝土小变形阻尼比的基础性数据。试验结果表明:所采用的阻尼比测试方法和试验过程是可靠的;对同类型的混凝土,混凝土的阻尼比随丁苯胶掺量的增加而增大,混凝土的弹性模量随丁苯胶掺量的增加而降低;丁苯胶掺量在10％～15％时,可获得阻尼比、弹性模量和抗压强度均较高的混凝土。     

活性炭纤维对气体中醋酸丁酯吸附性能的研究

通过试验选择活性炭纤维作为吸附剂,吸气气体中醋酸丁酯。对影响其吸附性能的主要因素进行了研究。     

酸化-萃取法处理丁辛醇废水

采用酸化-萃取法处理齐鲁石化公司第二化肥厂的丁辛醇废水（简称废水）,用硫酸调节废水的pH,以该厂产品异辛醇为萃取剂,考察了各种因素对萃取效率的影响,得出较佳工艺条件：废水的pH为2．5,废水与萃取剂的体积比为4,废水温度为10℃,废水与萃取剂混合时的振摇时间为60s,萃取相和萃余相的静置分离时间为10min。在该条件下对COD为42244mg/L的废水进行二级错流萃取,COD去除率为86．82％。该法可实现对废水进行处理和资源回收的双重目的。     

基于O3/AC耦合工艺对丁基黄药与COD的同步去除性能及降解机理

针对臭氧氧化技术处理含丁基黄药废水COD去除率低等问题,提出了O₃/AC耦合工艺。在探讨单独、耦合工艺的丁基黄药去除率和COD去除率、反应影响因素和降解路径的基础上,进一步发掘该耦合工艺对丁基黄药及COD的同步去除性能。结果表明：臭氧(O₃)及活性炭(AC)的单独作用均对丁基黄药或COD有一定的去除效果,通过O₃/AC的耦合作用则可使丁基黄药的去除率达99.9%,亦使COD的去除率由O₃单独作用下的42.9%显著提升至77.2%,且实现最高去除率的时间由AC单独处理所需的80 min缩减至30~40 min;拟一级反应动力学分析结果表明,丁基黄药的反应速率常数表现为$k{_\text{(O3/AC)}}$>$k{_\text{O3}}$>k_AC,COD的反应速率常数表现为$k{_\text{(O3/AC)}}$>k_AC>$k{_\text{O3}}$,O₃/AC耦合工艺去除丁基黄药及COD的反应速率常数均大于两种单独处理工艺;紫外-可见(UV-vis)光谱分析表明丁基黄药在O₃、O₃/AC作用下生成中间有机产物,结合GC-MS对产物的鉴定结果表明其中间有机产物可能为丁酸等物质,并以此对O₃/AC耦合工艺同步去除丁基黄药及COD的降解路径进行了初步推测。     

无皂乳液聚合改性废聚苯乙烯

以聚(甲基丙烯酸丁酯—丙烯酸钠)(P (BMA- AANa))为乳化剂,采用无皂乳液聚合技术,利用BMA对废聚苯乙烯(PS)泡沫塑料进行接枝改性.实验得出适宜的工艺条件:P(BMA - AANa)质量分数为51.5％,m(BMA)∶m(丙烯酸)=4∶6,PS和BMA质量分数之和为10.0％;m(PS)∶m(BMA) =...     

The Bhopal gas tragedy—A perspective

We, the then Mayor and Chief of Police of Bhopal, were the two people on whom the responsibility of handling the world's worst industrial disaster fell unceremoniously on the cold night of December 2–3, 1984 when 41 tons of MIC gas was released from the Union Carbide plant in Bhopal. With the company initially in denial mode about the release and then calling it a ‘tear-gas’ type and providing no information on antidote, and with the limited means of evacuation, handling of medical emergency affecting hundreds of thousand, identification and disposal of the thousands of dead, it was probably the most challenging task faced by a duo in peace time. The local people, the medical community, the railway staff, the NGOs, were all very helpful. We narrate the happening and the handling of the consequences and the spot decisions that had to be made with the hope that no such accident happens anywhere.     

Cyhalofop‐p‐butyl mobility and distribution of residues in soil at various depths

This study was conducted to evaluate cyhalofop‐p‐butyl mobility in a sandy loam soil and subsequent distribution of residues at various depths under field conditions. Soil samples were taken from 0 to 150 cm depths at 3–90 d after rains in lysemeter of 1 and 2 m depths. Cyhalofop‐p‐butyl application at two rates and subsequent precipitation had a significant impact on soil, physico‐chemical properties and herbicide mobility. Precipitation caused substantial mobility of cyhalofop‐p‐butyl in the soil and 1.1–7.6 μg L^?1 of cyhalofop‐p‐butyl was found in leachates. Cyhalofop‐p‐butyl residues in the leachates were probably due to preferential flow through the soil. Cyhalofop‐p‐butyl residues were detected in significant amounts from the soil up to 10 d, later, residues were found below the detection limit but its three transformation products viz., cyhalofop acid, diacid, and phenol were detected.     

双极膜电渗析法回收丙烯酸丁酯废水中的有机酸

采用三隔室型双极膜电渗析装置将丙烯酸丁酯废水中的丙烯酸钠和对甲基苯磺酸钠转化为丙烯酸和对甲基苯磺酸并回收有机酸溶液,研究了料室与酸室初始溶液体积比对转化过程的影响.实验结果表明:当料室与酸室初始溶液体积比为5时,回收的有机酸溶液中丙烯酸和对甲基苯磺酸的质量浓度分别达161.5 g/L和25.0 g/L;整个电渗析过程的...     

O3/H2O2法去除浮选药剂丁基黄药

采用O3/H2O2法去除水中丁基黄药,考察了H2O2/O3摩尔比、pH值、丁基黄药初始浓度、温度和自由基抑制剂对丁基黄药的去除效果的影响。结果表明,在相同O3投加量下,H2O2量越大,丁基黄药去除率越高。pH值为7～9,温度在293～303 K的范围内,O3/H2O2对丁基黄药都有很高的去除率。碳酸氢根和叔丁醇能在一定程度上降低丁基黄药的降解效率。研究还发现,在O3和H2O2投加量相同的条件下,H2O2多次投加对水中丁基黄药的处理效果明显优于一次性投加。GC/MS分析表明,O3/H2O2氧化丁基黄药氧化产物为羧酸类物质。