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21.
We report the first use of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) treatment to decompose 1,4-dioxane, a persistent organic contaminant that is difficult to remove by conventional drinking water treatment processes. The efficiency of VUV treatment was compared to that of VUV- and UV-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (VUV/TiO2, VUV/H2O2, UV/TiO2, and UV/H2O2), and by-product formation was investigated. VUV treatment decomposed 1,4-dioxane more rapidly than did UV and UV/TiO2 treatments. The decomposition rate was enhanced when VUV irradiation was combined with TiO2 or H2O2. VUV/H2O2 decomposed 1,4-dioxane more rapidly than UV/H2O2 at a low H2O2 dose (1 mg/L), but the rate difference became small at a high H2O2 dose (5 mg/L). Electrical energy per order analysis revealed that VUV treatment, and the VUV- and UV-based AOPs, were economically feasible for 1,4-dioxane decomposition. Using raw water samples, we investigated by-product formation during VUV treatment and the effect of VUV irradiation on chlorinated disinfection by-product formation potential. Although the samples contained high concentrations of bromide, no bromate was produced by VUV treatment. VUV treatment slightly decreased trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP), whereas haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP) was unchanged, and total aldehyde concentration increased. The trend in HAAFP agreed with that had been reported for the VUV irradiation with much higher dose (Buchanan et al., 2006), whereas the trend in THMFP was different from that with much higher dose. THMFP, HAAFP, and aldehyde concentration were reduced by subsequent treatment with granular activated carbon (GAC) or biological activated carbon (BAC). Nitrite was produced by VUV treatment but disappeared after subsequent BAC treatment. These results suggest that VUV treatment should be combined with GAC or BAC treatment to suppress by-product formation. 相似文献
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采用溶剂热法制备金属有机骨架HKUST-1,选取水源水中检出率较高的酪氨酸(Tyr)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)和色氨酸(Trp)为目标物,开展了HKUST-1吸附微量氨基酸性能的研究.利用XRD和FTIR技术对吸附剂HKUST-1进行了表征和分析,通过吸附动力学、吸附等温线和吸附热力学的研究探讨HKUST-1吸附氨基酸的机理.结果表明,HKUST-1具有高结晶度,对酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸和色氨酸有较好的去除效果,饱和吸附容量分别可达248.65,143.67,140.09mg/g;吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温线模型和Lagergren准二级动力学模型;吸附热力学结果表明,HKUST-1去除氨基酸的过程为吸热反应;高吸附容量主要归因于静电相互作用、氢键和π-π相互作用. 相似文献
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碘代X射线造影剂(ICMs)是使用最广泛的血管内药物,近年来在水生环境中频繁检出.由于其高稳定性、高极性和持久性,ICMs会在水生环境中持续存在并且难以被降解.在水生环境中会与消毒剂、天然有机物结合生成具有毒性的消毒副产物(DBPs),由于其本身毒性以及转化产物DBPs的毒性增强了环境健康风险,进而引发了人们的密切关注.本文介绍了ICMs的环境浓度、分析方法以及毒性风险.重点描述了ICMs的前处理技术、检测方法及ICMs毒性评价现状,并展望了以后ICMs毒性的研究方向. 相似文献
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The photocatalytic removal of humic acid (HA) using TiO2 under UVA irradiation was examined by monitoring changes in the UV254 absorbance, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, apparent molecular weight distribution, and trihalomethane formation potentials (THMFPs) over treatment time. A resin fractionation technique in which the samples were fractionated into four components: very hydrophobic acids (VHA), slightly hydrophobic acids, hydrophilic charged (CHA) and hydrophilic neutral (NEU) was also employed to elucidate the changes in the chemical nature of the HA components during treatment. The UVA/TiO2 process was found to be effective in removing more than 80% DOC and 90% UV254 absorbance. The THMFPs of samples were decreased to below 20 μg l−1 after treatments, which demonstrate the potential to meet increasingly stringent regulatory level of trihalomethanes in water. Resin fractionation analysis showed that the VHA fraction was decreased considerably as a result of photocatalytic treatments, forming CHA intermediates which were further degraded with increased irradiation time. The NEU fraction, which comprised of non-UV-absorbing low molecular weight compounds, was found to be the most persistent component. 相似文献
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Chao Ji Jiewen Luo Jiajun Fan James H. Clark Shicheng Zhang Xiangdong Zhu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(2):250-256
Biomass-derived N-doped carbon (BNC) is an important environmental material and widely used in the fields of water purification and soil remediation. However, the toxicant in the commonly used synthesis process of BNC materials have been largely ignored. Herein, we firstly report the presence of a highly toxic by-product (KCN) in the activation process of BNC materials consequential of the carbothermal reduction reaction. Because this carbothermal reduction reaction also regulates the N-doping and pore development of BNC materials, the KCN content directly relates with the properties of BNC material properties. Accordingly, a high KCN content (∽ 611 mg) can occur in the production process of per g BNC material with high specific surface area (∽ 3600 m2/g). Because the application performance of BNC material is determined by the surface area and available N doping, therefore, production of a BNC material with high performance entails high risk. Undoubtedly, this study proves a completely new risk recognition on a familiar synthesis process of biomass-based material. And, strict protective device should be taken in fabrication process of biomass-derived carbon material. 相似文献
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在对天然有机物分类的基础上进行了水体中有机物的特性研究,并采用氯胺对不同特性有机物的氯化消毒副产物进行了控制研究。结果表明,疏水酸占有机物总量的24%,疏水中性物质占41%,疏水性有机物占67%;对于三卤甲烷类消毒副产物生成势,疏水酸所产生的最多,疏水碱次之,亲水酸最少;对于卤乙酸类消毒副产物生成势,疏水碱产生的三卤乙酸最多,其次为疏水酸,亲水酸最少。氯胺对不同类有机物氯化消毒副产物控制程度不同,氯胺对疏水中性物质控制三卤甲烷类消毒副产物最好,其次是疏水碱和亲水碱;对疏水酸的三卤甲烷生成量控制较弱,对亲水酸的控制效果最差;氯胺对亲水碱氯化产生卤乙酸的控制效果最好,其次是疏水碱,控制效果最差的为疏水中性物质。 相似文献
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饮用水中卤代消毒副产物的产生和影响因素的研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
论述了卤代消毒副产物(三卤甲烷和卤代乙酸)对人体健康的危害,研究了投氯量、氯化时间、pH值和温度对它们的影响,提出了去除卤代消毒副产物的途径。 相似文献
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我国人口增加、耕地减少的矛盾日益突出,而极为丰富的农业副产物资源又未很好利用。建立饲料-能源-环保生态工程,是综合利用农业副产物资源的巨大潜力、缓解人口土地矛盾的有效途径。饲-能-环生态工程是利用厌氧微生物降解、转化有机废弃物的特殊功能,通过人工瘤胃发酵技术、沼气技术和处理工业有机废水的环境工程技术综合利用农业副产物资源,产生饲料、能源和治理污染,达到经济效益、生态效益和社会效益的统一。 相似文献
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燃煤电厂脱硫副产物资源化利用可行性分析——上海案例研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
未来5年(2006~2010年)上海进行脱硫的机组将达957.2万kW,文章对上海市未来5年中脱硫副产物的资源化利用,进行了技术、经济分析,预计每年可节省SO2排污费用约1.02、1.28亿元,如以原煤计,则为1.51亿元/a和1.89亿元/a,到2010年将达1.67~2.09亿元/a,折成原煤则为2.34~2.93亿元/a,如排污费提高,效益还将扩大;电厂脱硫石膏销售将获得约2160~2880万元/a,折算成原煤应为3024万元/a和4032万元/a,如加工成球或利用余热烘干成粉,利润还会增加;到2010年脱硫石膏销售收入还将进一步放大。上海石膏板或水泥企业利用54~72万t的脱硫石膏,可使企业的原料购买成本节约3250~3650万元/a,如将FGD石膏40%SO3含量与天然石膏34%相比算入成本,使用FGD石膏的水泥生产企业原料购置费节约将更显著。 相似文献