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11.
植物根系对镉毒害的防御及其代谢 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
本文采用植物根系生物量、根系内活性氧清除酶活性变化和植物表观中毒症状作指标 ,研究了 Cd毒害对草坪植物的毒性作用、根系应激反应。结果表明 ,当土壤溶液中 Cd浓度达 1.5× 10 - 3mol· dm- 3时 ,植物体内活性氧代谢、生长状况将出现异常 ,甚至出现明显的表观中毒症状。 Cd对植物体内清除酶活性的毒性强度为 CAT>SOD>POD。匍匐翦股颖 (Agrostis stolonifera)根系对 Cd毒害的抵抗作用强于多年生黑麦草 (L olium perernne)。 相似文献
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本研究以重金属化合物(CdCl_2、PbCl_2)和矿物油作为土壤的污染物,分析土壤中镉、铅、油的含量对土壤微生物类群与生化活性的影响。结果表明,镉、铅、油对水旱田中的细菌抑制作用比较明显,对放线菌、真菌抑制作用较差。小剂量的镉、铅、油对固氮菌有刺激作用,大剂量则有抑制作用。对尿酶和硝化细菌的代谢有明显抑制作用,对其它酶类不明显。 从含重金属的平板培养基上反映出土壤对重金属的掩蔽作用。污染物对微生物的生化活性的临界毒害浓度分别为:镉 5—60ppm;铅 300—500ppm;油 500—5000ppm。 相似文献
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利用生物指示物(鳙鱼)对丹东地区鸭绿江水体中的铅、镉污染进行监测,采具鳙鱼-碳化酸溶-电热原子光谱法对丹东鸭绿江流域鳙鱼体内的铅、镉的含量进行了相关检测,在相同的实验条件下对该地区的水体中的铅、镉的含量进行对比,并对该地区的铅、镉污染进行了相关的评价,通过一年的监测未见超标。铅、镉含量分别为6.53±0.07(ng/g)、4.60±0.03(ng/g);回收率分别为98.9%、103.5%;RSD分别为5.3%、4.1%。 相似文献
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嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对铜镉的吸附特性与离子交换 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了投菌量、金属浓度和戊二醛浓度对嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌吸附水体中Cu2+和Cd2+特性的影响,分析了重金属生物吸附、NO3-去除与菌体离子释放的关联,从离子吸附、交换、转化与释放的角度探讨了重金属生物吸附机制.结果表明嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对Cu2+和Cd2+吸附性能良好,0.2 g·L-1干重菌体处理浓度为0.05 mmol·L-1的Cu(NO3)2和Cd(NO3)2溶液120 min后,Cu2+和Cd2+的吸附率分别达96.3%和83.9%.菌体对Cu(NO3)2和Cd(NO3)2溶液的吸附过程存在Cu2+和Cd2+的表面吸附与胞内运输、NO3-胞内积累、NO3-还原为NO2-等行为,而且Cu2+和Cd2+的胞内运输、NO3-积累和还原需要消耗能量,并会促进Cl-、PO43-、SO42-、Na+、NH4+、K+和Ca2+等离子的释放.红外光谱分析表明菌体酰胺基、羟基与羧基均参与了Cu2+和Cd2+的吸附.X-光电子能谱分析显示吸附后Cu2+和Cd2+的价态不发生变化. 相似文献
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Phytoremediation potential of charophytes: Bioaccumulation and toxicity studies of cadmium, lead and zinc 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Najjapak Sooksawat Metha Meetam Maleeya Kruatrachue Prayad Pokethitiyook Koravisd Nathalang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(3):596-604
The ability for usage of common freshwater charophytes,Chara aculeolata and Nitella opaca in removal of cadmium (Cd),lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) from wastewater was examined.C.aculeolata and N.opaca were exposed to various concentrations of Cd (0.25 and 0.5 mg/L),Pb (5 and 10 mg/L) and Zn (5 and 10 mg/L) solutions under hydroponic conditions for 6 days.C.aculeolata was more tolerant of Cd and Pb than N.opaca.The relative growth rate of N.opaca was drastically reduced at high concentrations of Cd and Pb although both were tolerant of Zn.Both macroalgae showed a reduction in chloroplast,chlorophyll and carotenoid content after Cd and Pb exposure,while Zn exposure had little effects.The bioaccumulation of both Cd and Pb was higher in N.opaca (1544.3 μg/g at 0.5 mg/L Cd,21657.0 μg/g at 10 mg/L Pb) whereas higher Zn accumulation was observed in C.aculeolata (6703.5 μg/g at 10 mg/L Zn).In addition,high bioconcentration factor values (> 1000) for Cd and Pb were observed in both species.C.aculeolata showed higher percentage of Cd and Pb removal (> 95%) than N.opaca and seemed to be a better choice for Cd and Pb removal from wastewater due to its tolerance to these metals. 相似文献
17.
The development of low-cost and efficient new mineral adsorbents has been a hot topic in recent years. In this study, Friedel’s salt (FS:3CaO·A12O3 ·CaCl2 ·10H2O), a hexagonal layered inorganic absorbent, was synthesized to remove Cd2+ from water. The adsorption process was simulated by Langmuir and Freundlich models. The adsorption mechanism was further analyzed with TEM, XRD, FT-IR analysis and monitoring of metal cations released and solution pH variation. The results indicated the adsorbent FS had an outstanding ability for Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of the FS for Cd(Ⅱ) removal can reach up to 671.14 mg/g. The nearly equal numbers of Cd2+ adsorbed and Ca2+ released demonstrated that ion-exchange (both surface and inner) of the FS for Cd(Ⅱ) played an important role during the adsorption process. Furthermore, the surface of the FS after adsorption was microscopically disintegrated while the inner lamellar structure was almost unchanged. The behavior of Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption by FS was significantly affected by surface reactions. The mechanisms of Cd2+ adsorption by the FS mainly included surface complexation and surface precipitation. In the present study, the adsorption process was fitted better by the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.9999) than the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.8122). Finally, due to the high capacity for ion-exchange on the FS surface, FS is a promising layered inorganic adsorbent for the removal of Cd(Ⅱ) from water. 相似文献
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A new method that utilizes pretreated silica gel as an adsorbent has been developed for simultaneous preconcentration of trace Cd(II) and Pb(II) prior to the measurement by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The effects of pH, the shaking time, the elution condition and the coexisting ions on the separation/preconcentration conditions of analytes were investigated. Under optimized conditions, the static adsorption capacity of Cd(II) and Pb(II) were 45.5 and 27.1mg/g, the relative standard deviations were 3.2% and 1.7% (for n = 11), and the limits of detection obtained were 4.25 and 0.60 ng/mL, respectively. The method was validated by analyzing the certified reference materials GBW 07304a (stream sediment) and successfully applied to the analysis of various treated wastewater samples with satisfactory results. 相似文献
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高镉地质环境富硒土壤特征及其生态效应 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
文章详细研究了浙西富硒土壤中Cd、Se、Zn、Ni存在形态以及农产品安全性。结果表明,研究区土壤继承了成土母质中硒、镉高含量的特点,引起农产品中富硒和镉含量超标。研究发现,当地居民并未由于农产品镉超标而出现群体性疾病,相反地,则表现为体格健壮,长寿老人较多,人发中镉含量低,硒含量高等特点。优良的生态现象可能与人体内Zn、Se对Cd的拮抗作用有关。这一研究结果,为黑色岩系地区富硒土壤的深层次开发利用提供了思路和机遇。 相似文献