关于粘胶纤维生产中的废气治理

通过化纤厂粘胶纤维生产中废气治理实践，提出了粘胶纤维生产中废气治理的新工艺方法．利用该法Ｈ２Ｓ去除率达９８％，ＣＳ２回收率接近７０％，ＣＳ２外排浓度为３０～４０ｍｇ／ｍ３，符合国家排放标准（４０ｍｇ／ｍ３）．     

我国海洋塑料垃圾和微塑料排放现状及对策

当前海洋塑料和微塑料污染问题是全球研究热点,随着我国陆源垃圾减量化处置率和生活污水处理覆盖率的提高,重新核算我国海洋塑料垃圾和微塑料排放量尤为重要,基于文献已报道的关于海洋塑料垃圾和微塑料排放量估算的方法并结合相关统计数据对我国相应排放量进行了核算.结果表明:2016年我国向海洋中排放塑料垃圾124×104~331×104 t,略低于2010年的132×104~353×104 t;生活污水处理厂向环境中排放塑料微珠约109.95×1012粒（折合131.78 t）,远低于2014年报道的209.7×1012粒（折合306.9 t）.此外,2016年我国生活污水处理厂向环境中排放合成化学纤维类微塑料约1 296.95×1012个（折合648.48 t）,轮胎与地面摩擦产生合成橡胶轮胎粉尘约78.85×104 t;合成化纤类微塑料和合成橡胶轮胎粉尘等已成为陆源微塑料的重要来源.通过与发达国家和地区在海洋垃圾和微塑料污染、陆源垃圾处置、海洋垃圾污染应对等方面进行比较,未来我国应通过完善"限塑令"和生活垃圾分类体系、尽早实施"塑料微珠"限令、明晰生活污水处理厂微塑料排放状况等手段从源头控制排放,此外需有效控制塑料垃圾和微塑料的输送途径,制定和完善相关法律法规和监测标准,提升我国应对海洋塑料垃圾和微塑料污染的能力和国际影响力.      

活性炭纤维阴极增强电-KMnO4去除水中双氯芬酸

为考察单独活性炭纤维（ACF）,高锰酸钾（PM）,电化学（E）,电-高锰酸钾（E-PM）,活性炭纤维-高锰酸钾（ACF-PM）以及电-活性炭纤维阴极-高锰酸钾体系（E-ACF-PM）对水中双氯芬酸的降解效果,研究了电流强度,溶液初始pH值对E-ACF-PM体系去除水中双氯芬酸的影响,通过ACF表面形态分析,自由基捕获实验,络合反应等探索了E-ACF-PM体系的反应机理.结果表明,在E-ACF-PM体系中电化学（E-ACF）和PM之间有明显的协同作用,双氯芬酸被快速去除.随着电流强度增加（50~200mA）,双氯芬酸去除率增大;pH值增大,体系对双氯芬酸的去除效果越差,pH值为11时去除率仅为31.70%.与ACF-PM体系相比,E-ACF-PM体系阴极电场可以保护ACF不被破坏,同时吸附在ACF上的Mn （VII）得到电子,快速转化成活性氧化剂Mn （III）,实现对目标污染物的快速去除.     

不同价态铁处理腈纶废水过程中菌群结构分析

利用不同反应器条件（SBBR、Fe （0）-SBBR、Fe （Ⅱ）-SBBR、Fe （Ⅲ）-SBBR）对腈纶废水进行处理,探究不同价态铁对腈纶废水处理过程及此过程中微生物群落结构变化.结果表明,Fe （0）/Fe （Ⅱ）/Fe （Ⅲ）-SBBR对腈纶废水有良好的处理效果,特别是NH₄⁺-N,去除率均在90%以上;整个运行周期内Fe （0）-SBBR处理效果最好.利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术分析处理过程中微生物群落结构,结果表明,Fe （0）/Fe （Ⅱ）/Fe （Ⅲ）-SBBR优势菌在属水平上差异显著,Fe （0）-SBBR主要以Gemmata、Planctomyces、Aridibacter、Fluviicola等属为主;Fe （Ⅱ）-SBBR主要以Thermomonas、Aridibacter、Bacillus、Paracoccus等属为主;Fe （Ⅲ）-SBBR主要以Planctomyces、Bacillus、Nostocoida、Aridibacter等属为主;与对照组SBBR相比,Fe （0）-SBBR对其处于相对劣势的菌有很好的刺激生长作用;Fe （0）和Fe （Ⅲ）对微生物群落的改变大于Fe （Ⅱ）.     

混凝土高温爆裂性能影响因素及预防措施综述

对混凝土高温爆裂成因进行总结,综述高温下混凝土内部蒸汽压力的测试手段、降低混凝土内部蒸汽压力方法、提高混凝土在高温中的抗高温爆裂性能的方法,以及总结了升温速率对混凝土高温爆裂的影响,并提出了几种预防混凝土高温爆裂的措施,为混凝土高温爆裂研究提供依据。     

高温烟气除尘用纤维滤料研究进展

本文对上程上高温烟气来源进行了分类，对当前高温烟气过滤的核心技术的耐高温过滤材料的使用现状进行了分析，对高温玄武岩纤维过滤材料进行了重点探讨与展望，指出玄武岩纤维滤材当前在高温烟气过滤行业中急需解决的问题和产业科技成果转化方向。     

基于拉曼散射的分布式光纤定温与差温探测方法

基于拉曼散射的分布式光纤测温系统应用于火灾监测有独特的优势,弥补了传统感温探测器的不足。介绍了基于拉曼散射的测温原理及基于光时域的空间定位原理,并进行了火灾预警实验,实验结果表明当建筑物高度在一定范围内,基于拉曼散射的分布式光纤测温系统可以很好地实现火灾预警功能。     

Preparation and characteristics of high performance paper containing titanium dioxide photocatalyst supported on inorganic fiber matrix

A novel paper-based material containing titanium dioxide (TiO₂) photocatalyst was successfully prepared by a papermaking technique with the internal addition of inorganic fibers on which TiO₂ particles were supported. Photodegradation performance of acetaldehyde gas, an indoor pollutant, and the durability of the TiO₂-containing papers were investigated under UV irradiation. Ceramic fiber suspension and polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride as a cationic flocculant were mixed, followed by the addition of TiO₂ suspension and anionic polyacrylamide. Subsequently, the inorganic mixture was poured into a pulp suspension, and TiO₂ handsheets then prepared by a papermaking method. The tensile strength of TiO₂-containing paper without a ceramic carrier decreased by more than 30% after 240-h UV irradiation (2 mW/cm²), although the strength of the TiO₂ sheet with ceramic fibers remained reasonably stable. The efficiency of acetaldehyde decomposition by the TiO₂ paper containing an inorganic carrier was nearly equal to that of the carrier-free TiO₂ paper. Scanning electron microscopic observation suggested that most TiO₂ particles were predominantly supported on the inorganic fiber matrix, and were mostly out of contact with organic pulp fibers. The TiO₂ paper with an inorganic carrier demonstrated both excellent photocatalytic performance and durability, which before had been mutually incompatible for organic materials containing TiO₂ photocatalyst. The two-stage mixing procedure for TiO₂ sheet-making is promising for the simple manufacture of high performance paper with photocatalytic ability.     

Processing and characterization of a new biodegradable composite made of a PHB/V matrix and regenerated cellulosic fibers

In this study, a biodegradable composite consisting of a degradable continuous cellulosic fiber and a degradable polymer matrix—poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-co-poly(3-hydroxyvalerate (PHB/V with 19% HV)—was developed. The composite was processed by impregnating the cellulosic fibers on-line withPHB/V powder in a fluidization chamber. The impregnated roving was then filament wound on a plate and hot-pressed. The resulting unidirectional composite plates were mechanically tested and optically characterized by SEM. The fiber content was 9.9 ±0.9 vol% by volumetric determination. The fiber content predicted by the rule of mixture for unidirectional composites was 13.8 ±1.4 vol%. Optical characterization showed that the fiber distribution was homogeneous and a satisfactory wetting of the fibers by the matrix was achieved. Using a blower to remove excess matrix powder during processing increased the fiber content to 26.5 ±3.3 vol % (volumetric) or 30.0 ±0.4 vol% (rule of mixture). The tensile strength of the composite parallel to the fiber direction was 128 ±12 MPa (10 vol% fiber) up to 278 ±48 MPa (26.5 vol% fiber), compared to 20 MPa for the PHB/V matrix. The Young’s modulus was 5.8 ±0.5 GPa (10 vol% fiber) and reached 11.4 ±0.14 GPa (26.5 vol% fiber), versus 1 GPa for the matrix.     

用于预应力筋长期实时应力监测的光纤传感测试技术研究

预应力筋是预应力混凝土结构中的关键受力构件,对其应力状态的监测具有重大意义。针对传统测试方法难以有效解决其应力分布测试问题的现状,提出基于光纤布拉格光栅传感测试技术的预应力筋长期实时应力监测方法。设计模拟张拉装置,并构建预应力钢筋的光纤光栅应变测试系统,进行模拟试验研究,其试验结果表明,该测试系统适合于预应力筋的工作环境,具有线性度高、重复性好,且不影响基体性能的特点。此外,针对预应力钢绞线的特殊结构和工作特点,提出具有温度补偿能力的锚端光纤布拉格光栅应力传感测试方案,并进行理论分析。研究结果验证了光纤光栅传感技术用于预应力筋应力测试的可行性,并为其实际工程应用奠定了基础。