排序方式: 共有57条查询结果,搜索用时 902 毫秒
11.
预酸析-厌氧流化床处理碱法草浆黑液的研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
对预酸析多孔高分子载体固定化微生物厌氧流化床(AFB)处理碱法草浆黑液的效能进行了研究.结果表明,采用酸析预处理,去除了黑液中大部分难生化降解的高分子物质后,AFB的厌氧消化潜能得到充分发挥.预酸析AFB处理比直接AFB处理更为有利.对黑液中木质素的化学性质研究表明,厌氧处理前后的黑液中木质素分子的基本结构单元保持不变,但分子量大的木质素有向小分子转化的趋势.通过扫描电镜观察,除了产甲烷菌外,还发现了硫酸盐还原菌和硫细菌. 相似文献
12.
13.
随着全球环境问题与能源问题的不断加剧,人们迫切需要开发一些高效、环保、稳定的光催化剂。卤氧化铋(BiOX,X=Cl、Br、I)因其独特的层状结构,优异的光学、电学性能,在光催化领域受到了越来越多的关注。虽然BiOX光催化剂在光催化反应中展现出了优异性能,但其光催化效率仍有待提高。简要叙述了BiOX的结构与性能以及当前主流的制备方法,主要概述了最近几年卤氧化铋光催化剂改性的研究进展。改性方法主要有微结构调控、晶面与缺陷调控、掺杂、构造异质结等,这些方法主要是通过提高卤氧化铋或卤氧化铋复合物的光吸收能力、光生载流子的分离和运输效率、以及活性位点的暴露量来实现改性。介绍了其在环境、能源和生物等领域的应用,同时对BiOX的发展提出了问题和展望。 相似文献
14.
利用磁性二氧化硅表面接枝的聚丙烯酰胺络合Cu2+离子,制备了表面铜螯合磁性SiO:材料,采用傅立叶红外光谱(FT.IR),X射线衍射(XRD)对该磁性材料进行了表征,并通过配位作用固定化漆酶,考察了其对水中2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)的催化降解效能及主要影响因素。结果表明,表面铜螯合磁性SiO:固定化漆酶对2,4-DCP具有较好的催化降解效能,利用8g/L固定化漆酶催化降解50mL初始浓度为24.25mg/L的2,4-DCP,反应12h2,4-DCP去除率达91%;当pH值在3.0~6.0范围内时,2,4-DCP的去除率随反应pH值的增加而升高;2,4-DCP初始浓度在14.39~257.6mg/L范围内时,反应12h,2,4-DCP的去除率均达85%以上;给酶量增加促进2,4-DCP的去除,但过多的给酶量导致单位质量固定化漆酶催化降解2,4-DCP的速率下降;水中硫酸根离子对固定化漆酶催化降解2,4-DCP具有明显的促进作用,而碳酸氢根离子明显抑制反应的进行。 相似文献
15.
Bijetri Bandyopadhyay 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2016,22(3):399-404
The Indian brick industry is an unorganized sector in which large numbers of migrant women workers are employed. A survey was conducted on 62 women workers working in different brickfields of West Bengal to assess their physiological workload, nutritional profile, total energy expenditure and energy balance. Energy intake was calculated using physiological fuel values of carbohydrate, fat and protein. From the results it is seen that 13% of the sample population falls under severe (grade III) chronic energy deficiency. The average daily consumption of the workers was comparatively lower than their daily energy expenditure, considering the nature of the job which falls under heavy to extremely heavy categories. This negative energy balance is effectively observed in the nutritional anthropometry data. Thus, an immediate ergonomics intervention with better nutrition should be implemented to improve the health status of the workers so they can safely continue to work for a longer period. 相似文献
16.
17.
Melissa L. McCarthy Author Vitae Peilin Sheng Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2009,40(3):227-232
Objective
To examine the validity of police-reported alcohol data for drivers involved in fatal motor carrier crashes.Material and Methods
We determined the availability of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and police-reported alcohol data on 157,702 drivers involved in fatal motor carrier crashes between 1982 - 2005 using Fatality Analysis and Reporting System (FARS) data. Drivers were categorized as motor carrier drivers if they operated a vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of greater than 26,000 pounds. Otherwise, they were classified as non motor carrier drivers. The sensitivity and specificity of police-reported alcohol involvement were estimated for both driver types.Results
Of the 157,702 drivers, 18% had no alcohol information, 15% had BAC results, 42% had police-reported alcohol data, and 25% had both. Alcohol information varied significantly by driver, crash, and vehicle characteristics. For example, motor carrier drivers were significantly more likely (51%) to have BAC testing results compared to non motor carrier drivers (31%) (p < 0.001). The sensitivity of police-reported alcohol involvement for a BAC level ≥ 0.08 was 83% (95% CI 79%, 86%) for motor carrier drivers and 90% (95% CI 89%, 90%) for non motor carrier drivers. The specificity rates were 96% (95% CI 95%, 96%) and 91% (95% CI 90%, 91%), respectively.Conclusions
The sensitivity and specificity of police-reported alcohol involvement are reasonably high for drivers involved in fatal motor carrier crashes. Further research is needed to determine the extent to which the accuracy of police-reported alcohol involvement may be overestimated because of verification bias.Impact on the Industry
Based on the results of this study, the federal government should continue to work with states to strengthen their strategies to increase chemical testing of all drivers involved in fatal crashes. 相似文献18.
19.
20.
以亲水化改性聚氨酯为多孔载体的生物膜移动床反应器处理污水中试研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
载体是生物膜移动术反应器(MBBR)工艺的关键影响因素,利用亲水化改性聚氨酯载体构建MBBR,用于城市污水的中试研究.反应器日处理能力为3~3.5 t.d-1,水力停留时间为7~8 h,在连续进水(进水COD 140~280 mg.L-1,NH4+-N 30~50 mg.L-1,总氮45~65 mg.L-1,总磷2.5~4.0 mg.L-1)条件下对改性载体的挂膜速度、有机物和氮的去除效果及不同温度下的污水处理特性进行了研究.140 d的试验结果表明在24~28℃时,载体上生物膜在6 d左右即可完成挂膜,并达到稳定的处理效果.COD、NH4+-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为70%、97%、70%和39%.随着水温逐渐降低到12℃左右,NH4+-N的去除率依然能达到97%,表明通过添加改性载体可以提高反应器低温条件下的硝化能力. 相似文献