Effect of preparation parameters on catalytic properties of Pt/graphite

Catalytic ozonation of aqueous solutions of oxalic acid was examined in the presence of graphite-supported platinum catalysts. The catalytic activity of graphite was significantly enhanced by loading platinum. The removal efficiency of oxalic acid was 3.0%, 47.6% and 99.3% for ozonation alone, graphite catalytic ozonation and Pt/graphite catalytic ozonation in 30 min under the experimental condition, respectively. The influence of support pretreatment, solvent, impregnation time, platinum loading amount and reduction temperature on the activity of Pt/graphite catalyst was investigated. The pretreatment of graphite support had no effect on activity improvement of Pt/graphite catalyst. Solvent and impregnation time also no great effect on the activity. Platinum loading amount and reduction temperature influenced the catalyst activity significantly. The optimal catalytic performance of Pt/graphite was obtained when 1.0% platinum loading and 623 K of reduction temperature was adopted. The Pt/graphite catalyst was used for five times with no significant decrease in its activity and more than 90% oxalic acid removal was obtained. __________ Translated from Environmental Science, 2007, 28(6): 1258–1263 [译自: 环境科学]     

复合垂直流构建湿地对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的净化效果

利用复合垂直流构建湿地系统去除邻苯二甲酸二丁酯 (DBP) ,在处理DBP浓度为 9 84mg·l- 1的进水实验中 ,显示了良好的去除效果 .复合垂直流构建湿地系统独特的结构和水流方式 ,为湿地微生物活动制造了更有利的生境 .系统基质对DBP具有很强的吸附作用 ,以DBP为碳源的细菌和真菌对DBP的降解起了主要作用 ;处理系统下行流池具有较高的微生物丰度 ,是DBP降解的主要场所 .植物在构建湿地系统去除DBP的过程中起到了不可忽视的作用 .总之 ,复合垂直流构建湿地中基质、微生物和植物协同作用有利于DBP的净化 .     

催化动力学光度法研究褐藻对铜的吸附

应用催化动力学光度法研究了褐藻紫菜对铜离子的吸附作用 .结果表明 ,经过0 0 5mol·l- 1 氢氧化钠预处理的紫菜其吸附量最大 ,控制pH值为 3 6,其生物吸附作用是一种快速的过程 ,在 8min内吸附量为 1 3 2 6mg·g- 1 ,已基本达到平衡     

Study on catalysts for combustion of lean CH_4

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Integrated biological–physical process for biogas purification effluent treatment

Biogas purification via water scrubbing produces effluent containing dissolved CH₄, H₂S, and CO₂, which should be removed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase its potential for water regeneration. In this study, a reactor built with air supplies at the top and bottom was utilized for the treatment of biogas purification effluent through biological oxidation and physical stripping processes. Up to 98% of CH₄ was removed through biological treatment at a hydraulic retention time of 2 hr and an upper airflow rate of 2.02?L/day. Additionally, a minimum CH₄ concentration of 0.04% with no trace of H₂S gas was detected in the off gas. Meanwhile, a white precipitate was captured on the carrier showing the formation of sulfur. According to the developed mathematical model, an upper airflow rate of greater than 2.02?L/day showed a small deterioration in CH₄ removal performance after reaching the maximum value, whereas a 50?L/day bottom airflow rate was required to strip the CO₂ efficiently and raise the effluent pH from 5.64 to 7.3. Microbiological analysis confirmed the presence of type 1 methanotroph communities dominated by Methylobacter and Methylocaldum. However, bacterial communities promoting sulfide oxidation were dominated by Hyphomicrobium.     

CeO2形貌结构对催化湿式空气氧化苯酚性能的影响

采用水热法、沉淀法和溶胶凝胶法制备了3种不同形貌的CeO₂催化材料,并将其用于湿式空气氧化苯酚水溶液过程中,探讨了CeO₂形貌结构对催化湿式氧化苯酚水溶液性能的影响.采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、程序升温还原（TPR）等手段对CeO₂催化材料进行了表征.结果表明,水热法制备的CeO₂催化材料表现出较好催化性能,主要原因是水热法合成的CeO₂呈现交错的纳米棒状结构,主要暴露（220）晶面,且沿着（220）晶向生长.在反应温度为200℃、空气压力为2MPa、苯酚初始浓度500mg/L的条件下,最终（240min）COD的去除率为95.5%.     

柴油机选择性催化还原捕集技术(SDPF)的研究现状与发展趋势

日益严格的柴油机排放法规使得其主要排放污染物氮氧化物（NO_x）和颗粒物（PM）限值进一步降低.目前去除NO_x的主要机外手段是选择性催化还原（SCR）技术,该技术通常在200℃以上才有良好的NO_x转化率,而在柴油机冷起动阶段,SCR入口的排气温度无法达到200℃,NO_x排放控制困难.尽管冷起动时间较短,但该阶段的NO_x排放量占比很高.在严格的排放法规要求下,冷起动阶段的NO_x排放控制日益受到关注.选择性催化还原捕集技术（SDPF）将SCR催化剂涂覆在壁流式颗粒捕集器（DPF）载体上,能够同时去除NO_x和PM.与SCR技术相比,SDPF更加靠近柴油机排气门,NO_x催化还原反应的温度得到有效提高.因此,SDPF成为了提高低温NO_x转化率的关键技术.本文从SDPF结构与原理、载体与催化剂、性能及影响因素、SDPF技术路线等四个方面展开综述.SDPF结构与原理方面,介绍了SDPF的基本结构和化学反应原理,并指出了该技术面临的主要挑战;SDPF载体与催化剂方面,阐述了常见的载体材料、SCR催化剂涂覆、载体结构参数设计和提高载体性能的膜技术,以及钒基、沸石基SCR催化剂的研究进展;SDPF性能及影响因素方面,对SDPF的碳烟氧化性能、NO_x还原性能、尿素混合性能和耐久性能进行了分析,需要重点优化碳烟氧化与NO_x还原之间的竞争性反应;SDPF技术路线方面,介绍了带有SDPF的后处理系统优化,尿素双喷技术、低温NO_x吸附、热管理等技术耦合SDPF能够进一步拓宽后处理系统的温度窗口,是满足未来超低排放法规的后处理技术发展趋势.     

Investigation on the urea deposit formation and thermal decomposition characteristics in the SCR aftertreatment system of a diesel engine

Selective catalytic reduction is the most efficient and reliable equipment for NOx control in current diesel engines. However, the issue of urea crystallization becomes increasingly serious with the implement of the new emissions standards. In this paper, urea deposit samples collected from engine test bed and tube furnace were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform-infrared analysis to aid the comprehension of urea deposit formation. Moreover, thermogravimetric tests were conducted to disclose the effects of catalyst on the thermal decomposition processes of urea deposit. The results indicated that less temperature resistant species are formed in the engine test bed than in the tube furnace at conditions with the same temperatures. The main compositions in the World Harmonized Transient Cycle (WHTC) urea deposits are urea, cyanuric acid (CYA) and ammelide, implying that accelerating the decomposition of these species could prevent the accumulation of urea deposit. CuWTi, Cuβ and CuZSM catalysts could lead to increased yield of CYA during pure urea thermolysis. Cuβ, CuWTi and VWTi catalysts tend to promote the thermolysis of CYA while VWTi has the most significant catalytic effects on the thermal decomposition of ammelide and ammeline.