婴儿奶嘴提取液对大鼠肝原代细胞和HepG2细胞的毒性作用（Cytotoxicity of Extraction Liquids of Nipples on Primary Cultured Rat Hepatocytes and HepG2 Cells）

乳胶制品,如医用手套、婴儿奶嘴、避孕套等,存在着N-亚硝胺及亚硝基物质析出现象.对于乳胶制品中析出的N-亚硝胺及亚硝基物质,我国尚无法规加以限制,对其使用的安全性进行科学的分析更是鲜有报道.论文使用人工唾液盐溶液浸泡婴儿奶嘴,将提取液与体外培养的SD大鼠肝原代细胞、HepG2细胞作用一定时间,通过MTT实验和单细胞凝胶电泳实验,检测了婴儿奶嘴提取液对细胞存活率的影响和对DNA的损伤作用.结果显示:排除唾液盐溶液对细胞存活率的影响,婴儿奶嘴提取液与肝原代细胞和HepG2细胞作用24、48、72h,细胞存活率分别降至(85.22±13.77)%、(60.40±20.51)%、(79.28±20.08)%;(71.23±18.22)%、(69.51±16.96)%、(70.25±16.57)%,与阴性对照组(10%DEME)相比均有显著性差异(p<0.01).奶嘴提取液与肝原代细胞和HepG2细胞作用24h,尾长、Olive尾矩、尾DNA%、头尾比分别为(24.86±18.88)μm、6.60±5.99、(52.23±16.90)%、0.86±0.57;(17.48±10.87)μm、9.39±3.23、(57.94±20.94)%、0.83±0.67,显著高于阴性对照组和唾液盐溶液组(p<0.01).研究结果表明婴儿奶嘴提取液能够降低肝原代细胞和HepG2细胞存活率,且对DNA具有损伤作用.     

折线法和滚球法确定避雷针保护范围的安全性分析

概述了如何利用折线法和滚球法确定避雷针保护范围 ,并通过分析对比两者的安全性 ,提出了必须具体问题具体对待才能做到安全防雷     

彗星试验检测酚类化合物对小鼠脾脏细胞DNA损伤的研究

应用彗星试验技术,研究了酚类化合物对小鼠脾脏细胞DNA的损伤作用,试验结果表明,12种酚类化合物对小鼠脾脏细胞均能引起不同程度的DNA损伤,并呈现剂量效应关系.与对照组相比,均有显著性差异(P＜0 05,P＜0 01).试验结果亦表明,其DNA的损伤程度与化学结构有一定的关系.      

燃料电池汽车氢源生命周期分析

运用生命周期评价方法对使用不同氢源的燃料电池汽车进行了分析.经过目的与范围的确定、清单分析、影响评价和结果解释,表明电解制氢方案的污染排放明显高于甲醇重整和汽油重整方案,而甲醇重整和汽油重整方案又高于天然气制氢和煤制氢方案,对于相同的制氢方案,液氢方案的排放略高于气氢方案.      

利用稻谷壳水解液在气升式生物反应器中发酵生产单细胞蛋白

以稻谷壳水解液为原料 ,采用树状假丝酵母 AS1.257( Candida arborea AS1.257) ,在罐体高径比为 2.9和上升管与下降管的直径之比为 6.6的外循环气升式生物反应器中发酵生产单细胞蛋白 .研究了通风量、装料量、空气喷嘴直径等工艺和结构参数对发酵的影响 ,得到了较佳的发酵操作参数 .在发酵前 24h的通风量为 1.1m³/( m³· min) ,后 24 h的通风量为 1.4m³/( m³· min)～ 1.5m³/( m³· min) ,起始装料量为 8.5L～ 9.0 L,起始 pH为 4.5～ 5.0 ,发酵温度为 29± 1℃的操作条件下 ,经 48h的发酵 ,可得到较佳的结果 .在无筛板 ,带一块筛板和带二块筛板的外循环气升式生物反应器中 ,发酵 48h后的干基粗蛋白含量分别为 61.3%、62.9%、64.5% ,发酵液中干物质重分别为 20.8mg/ml、21.2 mg/ml、21.3mg/ml,总糖利用率分别为 78.2 %、83.9%、81.4% ,均高于机械搅拌生物反应器 ,气升式生物反应器内加装筛板可提高发酵得率 .     

微囊藻毒素-RR对烟草细胞活力及营养生理的影响

采用0.1,1.0,10.0μg/mL的微囊藻毒素-RR(MC-RR)处理烟草BY-2悬浮细胞,测定了细胞活力、细胞内蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量、硝态氮含量及总磷含量,并且检测了酸性磷酸酶(ACP)的活力变化情况.结果表明,中、高浓度毒素处理细胞2d后,细胞活力及蛋白质含量与对照相比均显著下降.高浓度MC-RR处理降低了胞内可溶性糖的含量,暴露2d后仅为对照的45.57%;低浓度MC-RR处理在后期增加了胞内可溶性糖含量.高浓度毒素处理细胞4d后,细胞内硝态氮含量显著低于对照;中、低浓度毒素处理细胞7d后降低了胞内硝态氮含量.3组毒素处理均降低了胞内总磷含量,到实验结束时,低、中、高浓度处理组的胞内磷含量分别为对照的74.98%、76.47%和84.00%.3组处理组ACP活力与对照相比呈现先降低后升高的趋势.     

纳米水滑石与Hela细胞的生物相容性研究

为了探讨纳米水滑石与Hela细胞的生物相容性,采用单细胞凝胶电泳法检测了纳米水滑石对Hela细胞DNA的损伤,并采用H2DCF-DA荧光法检测了纳米水滑石对Hela细胞活性氧簇的影响.结果发现,随着纳米水滑石浓度的升高(0~800μg·mL-1),Hela细胞尾部DNA含量、尾距及胞内活性氧簇含量均呈逐渐升高趋势;较低浓度(50、100μg·mL-1)纳米水滑石处理后,Hela细胞尾部DNA含量、尾距及胞内活性氧簇含量与对照组无显著性差异(p>0.05),而较高浓度(200、400、800μg·mL-1)纳米水滑石处理后,Hela细胞尾部DNA含量、尾距及胞内活性氧簇含量与对照组差异显著(p<0.05,p<0.01).以上结果表明,较高浓度(≥200μg·mL-1)的纳米水滑石可对Hela细胞DNA产生损伤,而较低浓度(≤100μg·mL-1)的纳米水滑石则具有较好的生物相容性,有可能作为载体应用于医药领域.     

Effects of Detectability on Estimates of Geographic Range Size in Bignonieae

Abstract: Extinction risk has not been evaluated for 96% of all described plant species. Given that the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation proposes preliminary conservation assessments of all described plant species by 2010, herbarium specimens (i.e., primary occurrence data) are increasingly being used to infer threat components from estimates of geographic range size. Nevertheless, estimates of range size based on herbarium data may be inaccurate due to collection bias associated with interspecific variation in detectability. We used data on 377 species of Bignonieae to test the hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between detectability and estimates of geographic range size derived from herbarium specimens. This relationship is expected if the proportion of the true geographic range size of a species that is documented by herbarium specimens is given by the product of the true geographic range size and the detectability of the species, assuming no relationship between true geographic range size and detectability. We developed 4 measures of detectability that can be estimated from herbarium data and examined the relationship between detectability and 2 types of estimates of geographic range size: area of occupancy and extent of occurrence. Our results from regressing estimates of extent of occurrence and area of occupancy on detectability across genera provided no support for this hypothesis. The same was true for regressions of estimated extent of occurrence on detectability across species within genera. Nevertheless, regressions of estimated area of occupancy on detectability across species within genera provided partial support for our hypothesis. We considered 3 possible explanations for this mixed outcome: violation of the assumption of no relationship between true geographic range size and detectability; the relationships between estimated geographic range size and detectability may be an artifact of a negative relationship between estimated area of occupancy and the sampling variance of detectability; detectability may have had 2 opposite effects on estimated species range sizes: one determines the proportion of the true range of a species documented by herbarium specimens and the other determines the distribution of true range size for the species actually observed with herbarium data. Our findings should help improve understanding of the potential biases incurred with the use of herbarium data.     

洛阳市大气污染特征与相关气象要素24小时变化分析

通过对洛阳市环境空气监测资料的统计,归纳出洛阳市区日内24小时环境空气污染变化特征,并结合同步气象观测资料综合分析,找出了二者之间的联系特征。引入气温日较差这一便于观测、预报的气象要素表征空气污染物垂直扩散特征,为今后进行污染预报提供了新的思路。     

The inertial range “outer scale” and optical turbulence

The crucial parameter used to calculate turbulence effects upon light waves propagating through the atmosphere is known as the structure constant, . As Tatarski has shown, this parameter depends upon the “outer scale” of the inertial sub-range of the turbulence. Recently there have been successful predictions of astronomical “seeing” conditions at Mauna Kea Astronomical Observatory which have increased interest in this subject and in the use of the so-called “Dewan Optical Turbulence Model”. In the case of the Air Force, there has been a longstanding need for such optical turbulence prediction, especially in the stratosphere. In the past researchers have used a relation due to Tatarski, (which plays a prominent role in this model) in order to deduce values of the “outer scale” from measurements. When doing this, they have been surprised to find values very much smaller than expected. The goal of the paper is to explain this unexpected result. As we will show, this result can be explained by two factors: (a) the average turbulent layer thicknesses are smaller than originally believed, and, more importantly, (b) only a minor fraction of the stratosphere is turbulent. In order to arrive at this conclusion, we used the high-resolution (10 m) wind profiles that were originally used to formulate the previously mentioned optical turbulence model. The U.S. Government’s right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright is acknowledged.