新世纪的清洁能源--燃料电池

介绍了一种高效，环境良好的发电方式-燃料电池发电技术，阐述了燃料电池的发电原理及其开发现状，对其发展前景作了展望。     

污泥分解技术在污泥厌氧消化上的应用

污泥分解技术与厌氧消化相结合，能提高厌氧消化的效率，其中在污泥厌氧消化工艺中适当的结合臭氧氧化技术，可以使挥发性固体平均降解率提高至65％，并减少1／3的厌氧消化池容积。     

高镍杂铜低温生产电解铜粉试验

用杂铜电解生产铜粉时，电解液的温度一般可控制在２０￣６０℃。本文介绍了在３０℃较低温度和６００￣１２００Ａ／ｍ＾２的较低电流密度下，用杂铜电解生产铜粉的试验过程。试验结果表明：低温和低铜离子浓度对生产细粒铜粉有利，而料低电流密度在保证铜粉粒度的情况下，对节约电能有利。     

Cultivated cells from mid-trimester amniotic fluids. IV. Cell type identification via one and two-dimensional electrophoresis of clonal whole cell homogenates

Clones of cultivated amniotic fluid cells that have distinct morphologic and growth characteristics (F, AF and E-type) were examined by one-dimensional SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and by two-dimensional electrophoresis employing isoelectric focusing and SDS-PAGE (IEF-PAGE). No qualitative differences in band pattern were observed in SDS-PAGE between the various amniotic fluid cell types, but consistent quantitative differences in the ratios of four bands of presumed filamentous proteins provided good distinction between amniotic fluid cells and postnatal skin fibroblast-like cells. By adding separation on the basis of electrical charge to that of molecular size (IEF-PAGE), we observed reproducible qualitative differences in the protein spot patterns between F and both AF and E-type amniotic fluid cells. At least eight discrete proteins appear not to be synthesized by prenatal F-type cells in comparison with their isogenic AF and E counterparts under identical culture conditions. The two-dimensional electrophoretic patterns thus confirm that F and AF amniotic cells, in spite of their morphologic and growth kinetic similarities, are developmentally distinct cell types that retain their differentiated states in culture.     

模拟酸雨对菜豆叶片的伤害和Mefluidide保护效应的研究

酸雨的污染和危害已成为一个世界性的问题,我国的酸雨危害也日渐引起关注.由于酸雨所涉及到的地区不少是农作区,必然会危及农作物的产量.近年来对酸雨危害作物的机理已有报道,但关于寻求保护作物免于酸雨危害的研究则不多见.已有报道,Mefluidide(N-[2,4-dimethyl-5-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amino]phenylacetamide)(N-[2,4-二甲基-5-[(三氟甲基)磺酰]氨基]苯乙酰胺),一种合成的植物生长调节物质,对植物生长和发育以及物质代谢都有影响,尤其是能有效地保护低温敏感作物免于冷害,而且发现Mefluidide处理的植物,在冷害期间不表现细胞膜透性的增加.另外,有人发现pH2.0—4.0的模拟酸雨喷洒植株(青菜、菠菜和萝卜等)也会导致膜透性增加.我们以模拟酸雨引起菜豆叶片的伤害症状和一些生理指标为依据,     

两株产电菌电子介体介导的胞外电子传递机理研究

构建了Klebsiella oxytoca d7和Shewanella sp.F1 2种纯菌燃料电池，探究了产电菌在产电过程中电子介体传递电子机制.结果表明：K.oxytoca d7只有作产电呼吸时，才会产生电子介体，而Shewanella. sp.F1在好氧呼吸、厌氧呼吸、产电呼吸下均能产生介电体，说明电子介体的产生与产电菌种类有关.两种菌介电体氧化还原电位相当（-250，210mV），且介于呼吸链NADH和辅酶Q之间.其介电体在胞内呼吸链上截获的电子均源于NADH，说明电子“逸出”位点只取决于介电体本身.K.oxytoca d7在碳源充足和不足时，电子介体产电量分别占总电量的60%和41%；Shewanella. sp.F1分别是57%和50%，说明在碳源充足时，2种菌的产电呼吸都以电子介体机制为主.介电体传递电子过程直接影响了阳极底物的转化和燃料电池的产电性能.     

不同阴极电子受体从生物燃料电池中发电的比较研究

以活性炭阳极双室生物燃料电池为基础,使用葡萄糖(COD为2000mg·L-1)作为底物,比较了铁氰化钾、过氧化氢、重铬酸钾和高锰酸钾分别作为生物燃料电池阴极电子受体时电池的开路电压和功率输出.结果表明,铁氰化钾、过氧化氢和重铬酸钾对应的开路电位分别为0.72V、0.33V和1.13V,均低于高锰酸钾的1.4lV.铁氰化钾和重铬酸钾对应的最大功率密度分别为4788mW·m-3和10951m W·m-3,相比之下高锰酸钾对应的最大功率达到了21912 mW·m-3.除过氧化氢外,3种氧化剂对应的电池内阻没有区别,均在2200Ω左右.当高锰酸钾浓度为200mg·L-1、pH为2.0时,开路电位高达1.44V,阴极电位达到1.38V,pH对电池电压输出的影响比高锰酸钾浓度更为显著.将高锰酸钾用于生物燃料电池从有机废水中发电不但可以极大提高系统的功率输出,还具有十分显著的经济和环境效益.     

不同质量浓度的磷对铜绿微囊藻生长及细胞内磷的影响

通过室内模拟的方法研究了在磷质量浓度不同的水体条件下,在铜绿微囊藻水华形成过程中微囊藻的增殖特征及细胞内磷、可溶性磷的变化特征.在模拟的太湖水体中,随着外源磷的增加,藻生长最终限制因素由磷限制(ρ(TP)≤0.045 mg/L)发展到光限制(ρ(TP)≥0.445 mg/L),而ρ(TP)=0.445 mg/L是微囊藻最适生长浓度;同时,微囊藻细胞内磷含量(QP)、水体可溶性磷(DTP)也随藻类生长而发生变化,在水体ρ(TP)＜0.445mg/L时,细胞内磷对微囊藻增殖有促进作用,而在ρ(TP)＞0.445 mg/L的水体中,磷对微囊藻增殖有抑制作用.     

戊唑醇粉尘最小点火能试验研究

采用1.2 L哈特曼管爆炸装置分别对粒径小于54μm、74μm、150μm及大于150μm的戊唑醇粉尘进行测试。针对戊唑醇粉尘浓度及粒径范围对其最小点火能的影响,分别进行单因素试验,并对其危险性进行分级。结果表明,保持粒径小于150μm,环境温度为20℃,喷粉压力为0.7 MPa,在质量浓度100~1 300 g/m~3之间,戊唑醇粉尘的最佳敏感质量浓度ρ_m为983.71 g/m~3,此时的最小点火能为404.74 mJ。保持戊唑醇粉尘质量浓度为900 g/m~3,环境温度为20℃,喷粉压力为0.7 MPa不变,粒径小于54μm、74μm、150μm及大于150μm的戊唑醇粉尘的最小点火能分别为10 mJ、100 mJ、400 mJ和1 000 mJ以上。因此,判定戊唑醇粉尘最小点火能属于M2级,为特别着火敏感性。     

Cloning and expression of α-amylase in E. coli: genesis of a superior biocatalyst for substrate-specific MFC

One of the most practical approaches for establishing a successful microbial fuel cell (MFC) is to fasten the oxidation rate of the substrate by the microorganisms to get quick paced electron transfer between microbes and electrode. A genetically modified Escherichiacoli, overexpressing α-amylase, is constructed and applied as biocatalyst in MFC using starch as substrate. The results are compared with nonrecombinant, native E.coli. The results show better performance for the MFC containing the recombinant strain demonstrated by higher power density (PD), lower resistance, and significant electrochemical activity. Maximum PD has been recorded as 279.04 mW m^?2 compared to 120.33 Mw m^?2 for the MFC operated with nonrecombinant E.coli. The impedance results also suggest the effectiveness of the recombinant strain by lowering the internal resistance by more than half order as compared to the nonrecombinant one. These results affirm that the engineered strain can be used as a superior biocatalyst in contrast to the native strain and by using the technique of genetic alteration; gene of interest can be inserted based on the substrate to be treated. So, this work gives a useful insight for accomplishing successful MFC operation with the use of bacterial stains engineered at the molecular level.