膜生物反应器去除废水中阴离子表面活性剂的研究

阴离子表面活性剂是环境中分布广泛且具有代表性的一类有机污染物.采用分置式膜生物反应器(MBR)进行去除模拟废水中阴离子表面活性荆(LAS)的实验,结果表明:MBR对阴离子表面活性荆的去除率高于90%.同时考察了阴离子表面活性荆生物降解的影响因素,确定其适宜降解条件为:气体流量为0.3m3/h、活性污泥浓度为6948mg/L.初步探讨了降解动力学和降解机理,研究表明对阴离子表面活性剂的去除符合拟一级反应动力学过程,且生物降解对其去除起主要作用.     

SAF-化学絮凝-微滤膜组合工艺处理高浓度生活污水的试验研究

采用SAF-化学絮凝-微滤分离膜组合工艺对高浓度生活污水进行处理.SAF处理系统对污染物的去除效果良好,CODCr,BOD5,SS和NH4 -N的去除率分别为92%,93%,90%和98%.SAF生物处理系统的出水再经化学絮凝和微滤分离膜深度处理后,CODCr,BOD5,NH4 -N,PO43--P的浓度分别低于40 mg/L,10mg/L,4mg/L,0.3mg/L;浊度小于0.5NTU,色度小于10度.试验结果表明该组合工艺处理后的污水水质优良,可满足生活杂用和市政杂用.     

好氧膜生物反应器的硝化性能研究

以含有高浓度氨氮的垃圾渗滤液为对象,针对好氧膜生物反应器的硝化性能进行了研究。结果表明:当进水氨氮<1000mg/L和负荷<1.5kgNH4+-N/m3d时,氨氮去除率保持在80%～99.7%之间,表明好氧MBR具有良好的硝化性能;硝酸菌在进水氨氮浓度>600mg/L时受到了抑制,而亚硝酸菌在进水氨氮浓度>1200mg/L时才受到抑制;在试验过程中,MBR污泥经历了由以异养细菌为主到自养细菌为主的转型过程。以硝化菌为主的污泥具有良好的沉淀性能,污泥的SV和SVI分别稳定在20%～30%之间和40～70mL/g之间。     

生物陶粒流化床-污泥滤层脱氮工艺的试验研究

采用生物陶粒流化床-污泥滤层工艺对含氮有机废水处理进行试验研究,研究结果表明:系统内可固着生长不受抑制的硝化菌种群,氨氮去除率可以达到93%￣95%;三相分离区形成稳定的污泥滤层,可使总氮去除率得以显著提高;当HRT为1.5h,曝气量为0.25m3/h,BOD容积负荷为9.2～10.4BOD5/m3.d,总氮容积负荷0.65kgTN/m3.d条件下,可得到BOD5的去除率85%,总氮去除率74%的处理效果。     

PVC/PES相容性及对共混超滤膜性能的影响

研究了聚氯乙烯(PVC)与聚醚砜(PES)共混体系相容性及其对共混膜性能的影响。利用溶解度参数原则和混合热焓原则进行理论预测,用铸膜液粘度法进行实验表征,均说明该体系为部分相容体系,且其相容性与组成及共混温度有关。通过对共混膜传质特性的考察,表明铸膜液的相容性会明显影响共混膜的性能;采用共混法可以改善膜性能。     

离子膜电解法降解苯胺硝基苯废水的研究

文章采用离子膜电解法对低浓度苯胺、硝基苯废水进行处理,对影响降解效果的几种因素进行了研究。实验结果表明:在常温,电压为4V,pH值为3时,电解0.5h苯胺去除率可达98.0%,硝基苯去除率为65.3%;4.5h后苯胺去除率可达99.7%,硝基苯去除率可达90.3%,TOC去除率为91.8%。同时,离子交换膜的加入还能去除废水中的盐分,为后续生化处理提供了有利条件。     

草浆黑液中碱的扩散渗析回收与处理

研究采用扩散渗析法回收草浆黑液中的氢氧化钠,分别采用了离子交换膜和上海交通大学高分子研究所提供的疏水氟膜、亲水氟膜对草浆黑液进行处理。单位膜面积单位体积黑液下阴极室总碱量的增加用R表示。三种膜的R值分别为2.17×10-7mol/(mL·cm2)、9.20×10-8mol/(mL·cm2)、4.39×10-7mol/(mL·cm2)。可见亲水氟膜的扩散渗析效果最好。实验对原黑液及经亲水氟膜扩散渗析得到的稀碱液进行了质谱分析,结果显示只有一部分小分子有机物转移到蒸馏水一侧。从亲水氟膜处理前后的扫描电镜图可以看出亲水氟膜只有较轻微的污染。可见亲水氟膜有最好的扩散渗析效果和较好的使用寿命。     

Promotion of hexadecyltrimethyleamine bromide to the damage of Alexandrium sp. LC3 by cupric glutamate

The effect of hexadecyltrimethyleamine bromide （HDTMAB） on the removal of A lexandrium sp. LC3 under cupric glutamate stress was investigated. Toxic effect of cupric glutamate on A lexandrium sp. LC3 was significantly promoted in the presence of HDTMAB, especially at 3.0 cmc of HDTMAB. It was found that the sulfhydryl group content of the cell decreased, while the malonaldehyde content and membrane permeability increased when A lexandrium sp. LC3 was treated with HDTMAB and cupric glutamate complex, compared with cupric glutamate alone. The data suggest that HDTMAB might stimulate the damage of A lexandrium sp. LC3 by enhancing the membrane permeability.     

Determination of organophosphorus pesticides and related compounds in water samples by membrane extraction and gas chromatography

A membrane extraction-gas chromatography method was developed fordetermination of organophosphorus pesticides and related compounds including methamidophos, DDVP, dimethoate, methyl parathion, parathion, thiophosphoric acid trimethyl ester, and thiophosphoramidic acid dimethyl ester in water samples. In thismethod, surface-modified acetic cellulose membranes were used to extract the target analytes in water samples, the extracted analytes were back-extracted into a small amount of methanol, andgas chromatography with pulsed flame photometric detector (GC-PFPD) was used to determine the concentrations of targetanalytes in the extracts. The recoveries obtained for thetarget analytes spiked into the water samples ranged from 66to 94%. The method detection limit for each target analyte was 0.05 g L^-1. The method developed in this study had shown the advantages of being cheap, simple, fast, and reliable. It had been used successfully to determine the concentrations of target analytes in river water samples.     

乳状液膜法治理H酸生产废水的研究

研究了以三辛胺(TOA)为流动载体的乳状液膜法提取对H酸的最优膜配方及工艺条件,并以实际工业废水进行验证。考察了膜相表面活性剂浓度、载体浓度、外水相pH值、乳水比、内水相浓度对水中COD值去除的影响。通过正交试验,结果表明:以质量分数为3%的聚胺型表面活性剂,体积分数为4%的TOA,质量分数10%的内水相NaOH溶液,油内比Roi为2∶1的乳状液膜体系,处理初始浓度为50 000 mg/L H酸废水,在pH值为3,乳水比Rew为1∶5的传质条件下,对含H酸废水的COD去除率可达90%以上。