色拉油废水处理工程设计

色拉油废水COD、动植物油、氨、氮、磷浓度都很高。采用预处理除油 倒A2 O 接触氧化 化学除磷组合工艺处理 ,效果明显 ,出水各项指标 (特别是磷酸盐 )均能达《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978 1 996 )中的一级排放标准     

大型电信枢纽站空调室外机的噪声控制

大型电信枢纽站使用了大量的空调室外机 ,对城市环境造成了严重噪声污染。针对空调室外机的 3种不同布置方式 ,采取了不同噪声治理措施。结合噪声控制 ,合理组织气流 ,不仅有效地降低了噪声 ,而且改善了空调室外机工作环境。利用吸声吊顶 ,设计消声进风口 ,收到了事半功倍的成效     

UV-B辐射增强对小麦籽粒化学组分的影响

在自然光照射条件下 ,研究了UV B辐射增强对小麦籽粒中可溶性糖、淀粉、赖氨酸、蛋白质等化学组分及其相互转化的影响 .结果表明 :增加 0 2 5W·m- 2 的UV B辐射使灌浆期的小麦籽粒中可溶性糖含量显著高于对照 ,淀粉含量变化幅度增大 ,赖氨酸含量下降速度较快 ,成熟期总蛋白质含量增加 .增加 0 75W·m- 2 的UV B辐射能降低成熟籽粒中可溶性糖和淀粉的含量 ,增加赖氨酸及总蛋白质的含量 .     

瞬态吸收光谱技术研究水体中亚硝酸-萘体系的微观反应机理

采用 35 5nm紫外光照射HNO2 萘 H2 O体系 .研究表明 ,光照后体系中间产物和最终产物的光反应过程是通过HNO2 激光光解产生OH自由基 ,OH自由基再与萘反应生成　 OH ,反应速率常数为 ( 1 1± 0 1 )× 1 0 1 0 M- 1 ·s- 1 .     

火焰原子吸收测定中的背景吸收和基体干扰

为了探讨火焰原子吸收法测定成分复杂样品时干扰的影响,采用扣除背景的方法来排除背景吸收,采用标准加入法来消除基体干扰的影响。通过对上述方法的对比实验,绘制相应的工作曲线图,能直观、准确地反映出背景吸收和基体干扰对样品测定的影响程度。扣背景和采用标准加入法两者结合使用能达到使样品测定结果准确可靠的目的。     

用萃取火焰AAS法测定汽车道旁树叶中的铅含量

主要介绍了用碘化钾－甲基异丁基甲酮（ＫＩ－ＭＩＢＫ）萃取汽车道旁植物叶片中的微量铅,然后用原子吸收分光光度法（ＡＡＳ）测定,该方法的精密度和准确度均有较满意的结果     

珠穆朗玛峰北坡绒布冰川区水体的化学特征

１９９７－０５在珠峰地区绒布冰川采集的４类水样的实测资料表明,本区各类水体都呈碱性,ＰＨ值的大小顺序为：湖水〉湖水〉表层雪。河水和湖水的阴离子以ＳＯ＾２－４为最大,而表层雪样品以Ｃｌ－最大;     

Chemical defense and evolutionary trends in biosynthetic capacity among dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)

Summary. An evolutionary scenario incorporating recent advances in phylogenetic research begins with an opisthobranch-pulmonate common ancestor that was herbivorous and had some diet-derived chemical defense. The Nudibranchia and their closest relatives, the Notaspidea, form a lineage the ancestors of which had switched to feeding upon sponges and deriving protection from metabolites contained in them. Subsequently there have been repeated shifts in food and defensive metabolites, and trends are evident in the ability to detoxify, sequester and utilize metabolites from food, as well as to synthesize defensive compounds de novo. The Notaspidea display a minor adaptive radiation that foreshadows a more extensive one in the various lineages of nudibranchs. This review emphasizes changes that have occurred within the Holohepatica, or dorid nudibranchs (order Doridacea). Their sister-group, the Cladohepatica, consists of three other orders, Dendronotacea, Arminacea, and Aeolidiacea, in which there has been a shift from sponges to Cnidaria as food. The Dendronotacea often feed upon Octocorallia, which combine spicules, chemical defense, and stinging capsules and thereby suggest a transition from feeding on sponges. A previous diet of Octocorallia is suggested by the defensive use of prostaglandins in the dendronotacean Tethys fimbria, which eats crustaceans. A shift to bryozoans in some Arminacea is accompanied by use of different metabolites. Dorid nudibranchs evidently began as sponge-feeders, but some lineages have shifted to a variety of other food organisms, and others have specialized in the kind of sponges they feed on and how they do it. There have been shifts to bryozoans (Ectoprocta) and ascidians (Chordata: Urochordata) that track metabolites rather than the taxonomy of the food. There is a crude correlation between the genealogy and the defensive metabolites of the sponge-feeding dorids. De novo synthesis is well documented in this order and the metabolites are appropriately positioned so as to have an adaptive effect. The hypothesis that the capacity for de novo synthesis was acquired by gene transfer across lineages is rejected, partly on the basis of different chirality of metabolites in the nudibranchs and their food organisms. Instead it is proposed that there has been a preadaptive phase followed by evolution in a retrosynthetic mode, with selection favoring enzymes that enhance the yield of end products that are already present in the food. Received 5 February 1999; accepted 26 July 1999     

Metabolic transformations of acquired lucibufagins by firefly “femmes fatales”

Summary. Female Photuris fireflies sequester defensive steroidal pyrones (lucibufagins) from male fireflies of the genus Photinus. Lucibufagin analyses of Photuris females and Photinus ignitus males show that the lucibufagin mixtures of predator and prey differ in their composition. Analyses of whole body extracts showed that P. ignitus males contain a mixture of eight non-glycosylated lucibufagins, composed mostly of compounds with two oxygenated positions in the steroidal A-ring (C-3, C-5). After feeding on P. ignitus males, Photuris females contain six major lucibufagins. Three of these compounds are not present in the prey, including the novel lucibufagin glycoside 5β,11α-dihydroxy-12-oxo-3β-O-β-D-xylopyranosylbufalin, and two other lucibufagins with a trioxygenated A-ring (C-2, C-3, C-5). These results indicate that Photuris females transform the sequestered lucibufagins both by glycosylation and oxidation, which could affect the systemic transportability of these compounds due to an increase in their polarity. Received 18 February 1999; accepted 19 April 1999.     

植物对酸沉降的净化缓冲作用研究综述

从植物对ＳＯ２的吸收作用、森林冠层对湿沉降的缓冲作用以及森林枯枝落叶层对酸沉降的吸收缓冲作用３个方面介绍了国内外在植物对酸沉降的净化缓冲作用方面的研究成果。