N2O emissions from agricultural soils in the North China Plain:the effect of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and organic manure

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氨联产甲醇物料的危险性辨识、评价及安全措施

氨联产甲醇生产法是生产甲醇的一种主要方法。甲醇生产中的物料都是比较危险的化学品,该类化学品易燃、易爆,容易使人中毒,如果管理不善,一旦发生意外,将造成巨大经济损失和重大人员伤亡。笔者按照OHSMS(职业安全健康管理体系)标准,对氨联产甲醇生产系统中生产过程物料和成品物料的危险性进行辨识和评价,提出了在氨联产甲醇生产系统中有关生产运行的安全管理控制措施,为氨联产甲醇生产系统的安全生产提供了切实可行的手段和途径,旨在提醒人们对氨联产甲醇生产系统的安全生产引起充分重视。     

绝热加速量热仪在化工生产热危险性评价中的应用

本文介绍了一种新型热危险性分析仪器--绝热加速量热仪的设计原理和内部结构,运行模式以及所能获得的温度、压力和最大温升速率时间等数据类型.并通过阐述其在化学动力学研究、自加速分解温度的计算、化学工艺安全性分析和化学工艺过程开发以及热爆炸事故原因调查等方面的应用,指出了绝热加速量热仪在化工生产危险评价方面的特点和优势.     

化学事故应急救援指挥软件系统的设计

从化学事故应急救援工作的实际需求出发，对化学事故应急救援指挥软件系统的设计进行了研究，分析了化学事故应急救援指挥软件系统的用户需求，提出了软件系统的设计思想和主要功能模块。     

城市污水混凝强化处理中污泥的特性探讨

介绍了城市污水处理过程中产生污泥的特点及分类,目前城市污水化学强化一级处理中化学污泥的特性、处置方法以及资源利用等方面的研究成果.     

影响危险化学品生产企业安全评价有效性的因素探讨

随着化学工业的迅速发展,化学品的产量和品种大幅增加,危险化学品生产企业各类事故频发,严重阻碍了化学工业的发展.为此,国家制定了一系列的法律法规,以期遏制恶性事故的发生.安全评价作为预防事故的重要手段,现已广泛应用于各个行业,危险化学品生产企业也不例外.但是,随着安全评价工作的开展,也暴露出与安全评价有关的一些问题.本文简要介绍了我国危险化学品生产企业的安全现状,详细分析了影响危险化学品生产企业安全评价有效性的各种因素,并提出了相应的对策措施.     

默克公司COD测试剂的替代品开发

德国默克（MERCK）公司制造的COD测定仪在我国环保行业、科研院所的水质监测工作中应用广泛，但配套测试剂价格昂贵，限制了该仪器的使用。设计了高量程（100～1500mg／L）和低量程（25～100mg／L）下COD测试剂替代品的开发方案。通过实验，确定了两个量程下COD测试剂替代品中K2Cr2O2，H2SO4-Ag2SO4，HgSO4的浓度和加入量以及测试方法。实验结果表明，在高量程和低量程范围内，使用COD测试剂替代品的测试结果与MERCK公司配套测试剂的测试结果比较相符，反应时间也可缩短至0．5h。     

Site security for chemical process industries

Chemical process industries such as oil refineries, fertiliser plants, petrochemical plants, etc., which handle hazardous chemicals, are potential targets for deliberate actions by terrorists, criminals and disgruntled employees. Security risks arising out of these threats are real and must be assessed to determine whether the security measures employed within the facility are adequate or need enhancement. The essential steps involved are threat analysis, vulnerability analysis, security countermeasures, and emergency response. Threat analysis involves the study of identifying sources, types of threats, and their likelihood. Vulnerability analysis identifies the weaknesses in a system that adversaries can exploit. Depending on the threat likelihood and vulnerabilities, various security countermeasures are suggested to improve the plant security. Appropriate emergency response measures that could mitigate the consequences of a successful attack and concepts of inherently safer processes in the light of process security are also discussed in the paper. It is recognised that serious terrorist threats exist to the transport system of hazardous chemicals (by road, rail cars, ships, pipelines, etc.). However, that is not a part of this study, which concentrates on process plants and hazardous materials within immovable boundaries. A case study of a fertiliser plant is used to show the application of ideas presented.     

密封法测定焦化厂废水的COD

介绍了用密封法测定焦化厂废水COD的方法，并与回流法进行了比较。试验结果表明，密封法与回流法有着很好的相关性，准确度高，用密封法测定焦化废水的COD，不仅工艺简单，费用低，而且可进行批量分析，提高工效5倍以上。     

Climatic Variation and Solute Concentration and Flux in Meltwaters Draining from an Alpine Glacier

Measurements of electrical conductivity and discharge ofmeltwaters in the Gornera, which drains from the 83%glacierised basin containing Gornergletscher, PennineAlps, Switzerland, were undertaken between May andSeptember in both 1979 and 1998. Discharge in theGornera was 43% higher in 1998, average air temperatureduring the ablation season being 2.1 °C warmer andpreceding winter precipitation 28% lower than in 1979. Mean electrical conductivity of meltwater in 1998 wasreduced by 40%. In the same 60 day period in 1998,however, solute flux was augmented by only 2% bycomparison with 1979. Year-to-year climatic variations,reflected in discharge variability, strongly affectsolute concentration in glacial meltwaters, but havelimited impact on solute flux. Climatic conditionstranslate into meltwater quality through inter-relationships between mineral reaction rates, subglacialresidence time in contact with sediment, and discharge. Annual variability in solute flux depends on the extentto which volume of flow can offset decline in soluteconcentration brought about by reducing residence time.