The significance of PCBs in the atmosphere of the southern hemisphere

Air monitoring stations were set up at 2 sites in the southern hemisphere--Moody Brook, Falkland Island (51 degrees 25' S, 57 degrees 56' W) and Halley, Research Station, Antarctica (75 degrees 35' S, 26 degrees 30' W). PCBs were monitored at the stations throughout 1999. Highest concentrations were observed when temperatures were greater. In general, concentrations were greater at Moody Brook than at Halley, although the difference in concentrations between sites was less for more chlorinated congeners. Air concentrations at both sites were compared with samples collected nearby over-water. Over water air concentrations were found to be greater than over land air concentrations. Concentrations were also compared with literature data for air concentrations at a remote site in the Canadian Arctic. Atmospheric concentrations of tri-chlorinated biphenyls were found to be approximately double those reported for Ellesmere Island in the Canadian Arctic, whilst concentrations in samples from Antarctica were very similar to those found in the high Arctic. Most other PCBs were a factor of 2-4 greater in the Canadian Arctic.     

沈阳市部分装修居室室内空气污染测定

通过对部分装修居室不同通风时间、不同位置进行甲醛和苯系物的实际测定,基本掌握居室室内空气主要污染物及其污染程度,提出了装修房间室内空气污染防治措施。     

生物处理含氯代脂肪烃废水的研究进展

从降解菌种及涉及的酶体系,降解过程机理,降解动力学和所用反应器等４方面对氯代脂肪烃的生物降解的研究作了综述,文献表明：通过驯化,某些菌种能在特写条件下降解氯代脂肪族物质。还介绍了降解菌种的特征,降解的可能途径和动力学模型,并比较了各种氯代脂肪族组分的可生物降解性。同时对降解所用的反应器进行了评价。     

Dioxins in the Venice lagoon

Venice is famous around the world for its uniqueness and architectural splendours, arts and the history of the “Serenissima Repubblica”, as it was known in the past, but few are aware that Venice economy is strongly dependent on the industrial activities based mainly on the adjacent Porto Marghera area. For many years, the lagoon that physically separates the city from the dry land has avoided association between the concern connected with the pollution derived from these industrial activities and the public perception of Venice. Since 1995, dioxins have appeared as a lagoon contaminant, and their presence, at such a level requiring immediate “in depth” studies and interventions, has been fully realized for decades.     

氯代芳香化合物生物降解性能与其化学结构的相关性

应用结构－活性定量关系研究方法,对氯代芳香化合物的好氧生物降解性能与其化学结构间的关系进行了研究,并建立了受试物的好物降解速率常数与４个高阶分子连接性指标及取代基电子效应数为结构参数的定量关系,分析表明,有机物取代基的电性能数和空间构型是影响受试物好氧生物降解性能的２个重要因素。     

易降解有机物对氯代芳香化合物好氧生物降解性能的影响

利用测定微生呼吸耗氧量的方法,从生物氧化程度出发,研究易降解有机物对氯代芳香化合物生物解性能的影响。结果表明,易降解有机物的存在有利于受试物的降解,生物氧化率的增加值与所投易降解ＢＯＤ５浓度的关系具有类似米－门公式的形式。     

短链氯化石蜡研究现状

作为一种潜在的持久性有机污染物,短链氯化石蜡(Short chain chlorinated paraffins,SCCPs)近年来正在接受斯德哥尔摩公约的审查。它具有持久性、生物富集性,长距离迁移、高毒性等特点,可能会对生态环境和人体健康造成威胁,目前许多国家已经对SCCPs推出了禁令。中国生产的氯化石蜡(CPs)由于没有相关产品标准的限制,其成份多少都会含有一定SCCPs,中国每年都会消费大量的CPs,在消耗的同时会产生较大的排放量,这些排放所造成的潜在环境污染风险是不可估量的。本文通过查阅相关文献,对短链氯化石蜡研究现状进行了整理。     

含氯苯酚类化合物结构表征与毒性预测

将有机化合物中的不同非氢原子及非氢原子之间的关系参数化得到新的结构描述符,运用该描述符对部分含氯苯酚类化合物分子结构进行了参数化表征。采用偏最小二乘回归(PLS)方法构建了化合物结构与毒性(-lg IC50)之间的关系模型,模型的建模相关系数(R2)为0.948,"留一法"交互检验的相关系数(Q2)为0.922,标准偏差(SD)为0.184。结果表明结构描述符能较好地表征化合物分子结构特征,所建模型稳定性好、预测能力强,对于酚类化合物QSAR研究具有一定的参考价值。     

Photocatalytic decomposition on nano-TiO₂: destruction of chloroaromatic compounds

Photocatalysis is applied increasingly in addressing and solving environmental and energy-related problems. Especially the TiO₂-derived catalysts attract attention because of their catalytic efficiency, wide range of applications, ease in use, and low cost (it costs about 150 Yuan a kilogram in China). This review first describes the principles of photocatalytic destruction by semiconductors and then focuses on degradation rates and reaction mechanisms in a variety of photocatalytic uses of modified TiO₂. Finally, these concepts are illustrated by selected examples relating to the photocatalytic degradation of organic persistent pollutants, such as polychlorinated benzenes (PCBz), biphenyls (PCB) and dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). And some approaches towards industrial application are analyzed.     

难降解氯代有机物污染环境的生物修复技术研究进展

氯代有机物是一类在生产和生活中广泛应用并被大量排放到环境中的难降解有机污染物质,一旦进入生态环境,就会在水体、土壤和底质中长期残留,并在食物链中不断积累、富集,从而对生物体产生危害。因此,对受这类难降解有机物污染的环境修复是目前所迫切需要解决的环境问题之一。基于物理和化学修复方法成本较高易造成二次污染,文中探讨了国内外生物修复技术的研究进展,并对难降解氯代有机物污染环境修复的研究方向进行了展望,由于环境中的污染物质复杂多变,联合生物修复技术将成为未来的研究热点。