单、双离子色谱柱互换分析方法研究

本文主要介绍，将日本岛津公司的ＨＩＣ－６Ａ离子色谱仪中的单离子色谱柱改成双离子色谱柱，在测定水质中阴离子含量时，对分析条件选择的结果，加以初浅的分析。它改换的成功，为我们环境水质监测节约了资金，同时也是一种可推广的分析方法。     

水中Mg 2+ 的测试管快速测定

研制了一种测定水中Mg^2 的测试管，测定范围为0.5mg/L-2.0mg/L，该测试管适用于现场应急监测，具有快速、简便、抗干扰能力强和价格低廉等特点。     

填埋场终场覆盖层甲烷氧化行为实验室模拟研究

利用和强化填埋场终场覆盖层土壤的甲烷氧化能力是控制填埋场温室气体排放的一种经济和有效的手段.以杭州天子岭填埋场终场覆土为研究对象,采用柱实验方法对填埋场终场覆盖层的甲烷氧化行为进行模拟研究.实验结果表明,模拟柱整体甲烷氧化速率由实验初始的3.33 mol·m-2·d-1增至8.33mol·m-2·d-1,表征了甲烷氧化菌群的生长与增殖;覆土层氧气的空间分布与其中的甲烷氧化活动有显著的交互影响,甲烷氧化活动在10～20 cm深度最为强烈;整个实验过程中,甲烷氧化后转化为二氧化碳的比例为51%,其余的碳被微生物所固定.     

聚丙烯酰胺对磷素在土壤中吸附-解析与迁移的影响

通过等温吸附-解析试验和土柱淋溶试验,研究了土壤(填土)经聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)处理后对磷素的吸附、解析规律以及磷素在土柱中迁移的影响.研究结果表明,和原土样相比,PAM减少了土壤在慢速吸附阶段对磷的吸附,不仅使土壤对磷的最大吸附量(Xm)降低,而且使被吸附磷的解析率升高;PAM与土壤复合后可以促进有效磷在土柱中向下迁移,增加淋溶液中磷的浓度.     

Nutrient exchange and release experiment and its simulation study in lake water-sediment interface

The sediment distributed and insolated under lake was collected for experiments. The nutrient layer distribution conditions of sampled sediment and its physical and chemical characteristics were analyzed to simulate and assess the influence degree to lake water quality. Based on the dynamic water exchanging experiments the nutrient release process in sediment and influence mechanism to substance exchanging on water-sediment interface was studied, and the correlation between the changing content of total phosphors and total nitrogen in sediment and covered water were analyzed for setting up a simulation model. At the same time the influence degree is explained in detail. The experimental results indicated that even if clean water without nutrient contents was used for water exchangement so as to decrease pollution or prevent eutrophication, however owing to the vertical nutrient distribution in lake sediment, it will lead to the increasing release amount greatly especially when the organic nutrient contained in sediment turns into inorganic status because of isolation. Besides the release process of total phosphate （TP） and total nitrogen （TN） were modeled and each nutrient＇s exchanging equation at interface caused by covered water nutrient concentration changing was set up. According to the simulating prediction, TP and TN content of cover water will also sustain a steady higher level in a long period. The nutrient release amount of sediment is not only affected by the covered water concentration but also connects with accumulative time. The experiments provide the fundamental theoretical and practical basis for taking ecological restoration project. And research is helpful to prevent or restore lake eutrophication.     

The Impact of Scrubber Sludge on Ground Water Quality at an Abandoned Mine Site

A sulfate-rich flue gas desulfurization scrubber sludge was used as a substitute backfill material in reclamation of an abandoned coal strip mine. The site was surrounded by monitor wells and the material was characterized for leaching behavior using open column experiments. A drain was placed directly beneath the 45 000 ton fill to enable sampling before dilution or attenuation. The column studies indicated that the scrubber sludge would adsorb manganese, iron, aluminium, cobalt, nickel, thallium and zinc contaminants from the water. Changes in pH appear inadequate to explain the removal by precipitation. The groundwater cleaning phenomenon has been confirmed on a field scale by the drain samples. Boron and molybdenum leach from the fly ash was used to fix the scrubber sludge and serve as marker elements enabling calibration of the dispersivity in computer models of the groundwater system at the site. The leachate front appears to be diluted by a factor of 8 : 1 within the first 15 meters. Since boron and molybdenum release are associated only with the first flush, environmental impacts will be minimal. Columns appear to create a time compression effect on the duration of leaching phenomenon. The effect for this site appears to be at least 5 : 1. The columns were effective in predicting which elements would leach or adsorb in the field and in predicting the actual source concentrations. Other shake tests such as the TCLP and the ASTM shake test were found to be less effective at predicting which elements would leach and were not helpful in predicting field concentrations.     

Maximum ground level concentration for Gaussian plume formula using standard and Briggs methods

This work aims to determine the maximum concentration and downwind distance at the earth's surface in two methods Briggs and standard for two conditions are slightly unstable and neutral by using the Gaussian equation at different effective heights and wind seeped at (8.9, 8.5 and 8 m/s) under lateral and vertical dispersion coefficient measurement.     

An experimental-computational study of DPF soot capture and heat regeneration

ABSTRACT

A diesel particulate filter (DPF) can effectively reduce the exhaust emissions of particulate matter (PM) and meet emission regulations. We report herein an experimental-numerical study to investigate the soot capture and regeneration behavior in a commonly used DPF. Simulations are performed using the AVL FIRE software that considers a fairly detailed DPF model. The model is validated using measured pressure drop history during soot capture, and temperature history during regeneration from a parallel experimental study using a diesel engine equipped with a DPF. Then, a detailed numerical study is performed to examine the soot capture and heat regeneration processes, and characterize the effects of various parameters on these processes and on DPF performance. Results indicate that the pressure drop during soot loading can be reduced by increasing the CPSI (channels per square inch), minimizing the amount of residual soot in each regeneration cycle, and using moderate gas flow rates. The DPF regeneration performance is characterized in terms of the rates of temperature rise and soot oxidation. Results indicate that these rates are enhanced, as the oxygen content in the exhaust stream is increased to about 12%, the rate of thermal heating is moderately increased, and as the exhaust gas flow rate is increased. Thus, the regeneration efficiency can be significantly improving by optimizing these parameters.     

高温喷水冷却后方钢管再生混凝土短柱轴压性能试验研究

为研究高温喷水冷却后方钢管再生混凝土的受力机理,设计了27个方钢管再生混凝土试件在高温喷水冷却后进行轴心受压加载试验。试验考虑的变化参数包括再生粗骨料取代率、历经最高温度和冷却方式。本文对试验的过程进行了简要的说明,观察了试件受力破坏的全过程,获取了荷载-位移曲线,峰值荷载并分析了特征点数据以及各变化参数对高温喷水冷却后方钢管再生混凝土短柱轴压性能的影响规律。试验结果表明:历经最高温度越高,试件破坏后核心混凝土的受损程度越严重。随着历经最高温度的不断提高,峰值荷载和轴压刚度整体呈下降趋势,温度在800℃时试件的延性最好,高温使得试件的耗能能力提高;随着再生粗骨料取代率的增加,峰值荷载的变化规律不明显,但取代率为75%的试件具有最高的峰值荷载,轴压刚度呈波动变化,取代率对延性影响较明显,对耗能影响较小;不同冷却方式对方钢管再生混凝土短柱的延性影响较大,对其它力学性能影响不显著。引入材料强度折减系数后,我国DBJ 13-51-2003规程和日本AIJ规程中计算方法可以较好地评估高温喷水冷却后方钢管再生混凝土短柱的轴心受压承载力。     

软土场地路堤-加筋碎石桩复合地基工作状态分析

软土场地碎石桩因具备桩体侧向变形大、超孔隙水压力消散慢的问题,导致出现基础沉降大、土体固结排水速度慢等工程病害。路堤下采用加筋碎石桩复合地基是处理软土场地的主流方法。本文采用二维有限元方法,建立考虑路堤填筑过程的软土场地路堤-加筋碎石桩复合地基数值模型,探讨了加筋碎石桩复合地基承载力的影响因素。基于达西定律和比奥固结理论,分析高地下水位场地条件下加筋体刚度和桩数对加筋碎石桩复合地基工作状态的影响规律。研究表明:增大褥垫层厚度和减小褥垫层模量均能够提高桩土应力比,改善桩顶应力集中的问题。与传统碎石桩相比,高地下水位条件下加筋碎石桩复合地基中超孔隙水压力消散速率快,桩数增加可以有效提高复合地基排水速率。