高效液相色谱法测定增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的方法研究

塑胶制品厂废气排放中，把增塑邻苯二甲酯经二氯甲烷吸收浓缩后，采用ODS柱C18分离，由此外检测器检定。当采气体积为40L时，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的最低检出限可达0．05mg／m^3。     

Interpretation of out-diffusion experiments on crystalline rocks using random walk modeling

Matrix diffusion in saturated rocks with very low permeability is one of the major mechanisms of solute transport. Laboratory out-diffusion experiments on rock samples may provide an estimate of the bulk diffusion coefficient. However, numerous results have shown that this average parameter does not really depict the complex mechanism of diffusion as a function of the internal heterogeneity of crystalline rocks. Two-dimensional images of the porosity distribution in a granite sample were obtained by impregnation with a radioactive resin and autoradiography. Some examples based on these images and synthetic images were used to perform numerical simulations of out-diffusion using two different random walk methods. The simulated shapes of the out-diffusion curves depend on the spatial distribution of the porosity and on the pore connectivity with the border of the sample. Such relations might explain the multiple nested slopes or the convex shapes often observed on real experimental curves.     

A sensibility analysis of model selection in modeling the reactive transport of cesium in crushed granite

We performed a sensibility analysis of model selection in modeling the reactive transport of cesium in crushed granite through model calibration and validation. Based on some solid phase analysis data and kinetic batch experimental results, we hypothesized three two-site sorption models in the LEHGC reactive transport model to fit the breakthrough curves (BTCs) from the corresponding column experiments. The analysis of breakthrough curves shows that both the empirical two-site kinetic linear sorption model and the semi-mechanistic/semi-empirical two-site kinetic surface complexation model, regardless of their complexity, can match our experimental data fairly well under given test conditions. A numerical experiment to further compare the two models shows that they behave differently when the pore velocity is not of the same order of magnitude as our test velocities. This result indicates that further investigations to help determine a better model are needed. We suggest that a multistage column experiment, which tests over the whole range of practical flow velocities, should be conducted to help alleviate inadequate hypothesized models.     

Testing the ability of males and females to respond to altered songs in the dueting green lacewing, Chrysoperla plorabunda (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Green lacewings in the carnea group of Chrysoperla engage in species-specific heterosexual duets using low-frequency substrate-borne signals. Within each species, both sexes sing nearly identical songs. Songs are the principal barriers to hybridization between sympatric species in the complex. Here, we investigated the responsiveness of males and females of Chrysoperla plorabunda to synthesized, prerecorded songs that differed from the species mean in the period between repeated volleys of abdominal vibration. We tested 15–16 males and 15–16 females using playbacks of two signals that gradually increased or decreased in volley period, starting at the species mean. We found that (1) duets during courtship are accurate, interactive, and adjustable by each participant; (2) in staged duets, both sexes respond best to song tempos near the mean volley period of their population, but can nonetheless maintain duets with signals of nearly twice, or half, the normal volley period; (3) individuals fine-tune their adjustments to signals of different volley periods by changing their own volley duration and latent period, or less often by inserting extra volleys or skipping every other volley; (4) males are significantly better at matching signals of changing tempo than females; and (5) the range of song responsiveness of C. plorabunda does not overlap the natural range of volley periods found in Chrysoperla adamsi, an acoustically similar sibling species, thus reaffirming strong behavioral isolation. In sum, the precise, almost unbreakable heterosexual duets characteristic of song species of the carnea group result from tight mutual feedback between partners. Effective reproductive isolation between species can be based on song differences alone.     

The maximum power principle: An empirical investigation

The maximum power principle is a potential guide to understanding the patterns and processes of ecosystem development and sustainability. The principle predicts the selective persistence of ecosystem designs that capture a previously untapped energy source. This hypothesis was investigated empirically in controlled and replicated tests conducted in planktonic microcosms. Microecosystems that developed under a pH-controlled light regime, in which light duration was altered based on changes in an ecosystem-controllable variable (water column pH), were compared with those that developed under fixed photoperiods. According to the principle, pH-decreasing (and power-increasing) organization should selectively persist under pH-controlled light. To assess changes in pH dynamics that occurred under the alternative selection regime, in which photoperiods were not linked with pH-affecting selection or organization, the microecosystems that developed under fixed photoperiods were subjected to pH-controlled light on the last day of each test. The daily light duration increased 506 min on average in microecosystems that developed under pH-controlled light and 412 min on average in microecosystems that developed under fixed photoperiods. Selective reinforcement of acid-secreting blue-green algae in response to CO₂ and nutrient limitations could account for the greater increase in power acquisition in microecosystems that developed under pH-controlled light.     

Measuring biological diversity

The diversity of a set of species refers to the joint dissimilarity of the species in the set. This paper discusses the measurement of diversity from the set of pairwise distances between the species in the set. A measure called the effective number of species is developed from a non-parametric probability inequality and is shown to have a simple interpretation in terms of comparing linear experiments.     

投加混凝剂活性污泥法优选混凝剂试验研究

选取五种常用无机混凝剂,把活性污泥与生活污水按一定比例混合后,进行混凝试验,结果表明,三氯化铁去除TP的效果最好,在投加量为99 mg/l时,可去除污水中88%的TP。三种混凝剂FeCl3、PFS、PAFC与PAM复合进行参数优化的正交试验,对TP有最佳处理效果的絮凝条件为：投加FeCl3,投加量为99 mg/l,投加顺序为FeCl3先投加1 min,以污泥恰搅起不分层的速度搅拌（约160 r/min）30 min。试验结果对投加混凝剂活性污泥法选择合适的混凝剂有借鉴作用。     

非均匀火灾作用下方形钢管混凝土短柱剩余承载力研究

为研究非均匀火灾作用下方形钢管混凝土短柱剩余承载力,在合理采用钢材和混凝土本构关系的前提下,基于ABAQUS建立了火灾后钢管混凝土柱相继热力耦合分析模型,并依据试验数据验证模型有效性。在此基础上进行了单面、相对两面受火状态下方形钢管混凝土短柱的轴压工作机理分析和参数分析,结果表明:受火方式对构件温度场及受力机理影响较大;受火时间、截面边长、防火保护层厚度是构件非均匀受火后剩余承载力的主要影响参数。在工程常用范围内,回归了两种受火方式下方钢管轴压短柱剩余承载力影响系数计算公式,可为该类构件在火灾后的修复提供参考。     

珠江三角洲对流层HCHO柱浓度遥感监测及影响因子

基于OMI卫星遥感反演数据,对珠江三角洲地区2009年~2016年对流层甲醛柱浓度时空分布特征及其影响因素进行研究.结果表明,珠江三角洲甲醛柱浓度时间变化特征为：8年来呈波动变化趋势,年均值为13.11×10¹⁵ molec/cm²,最低值出现于2012年,最高值出现于2016年;最大降低率为5.8%,最大增长率为6.3%.每年夏季最高,冬季最低,大小依次为夏季 > 秋季 > 春季 > 冬季,8a来96个月甲醛月际变化幅度较大,呈单峰结构,其中每年6月最高;空间变化特征为：甲醛柱浓度值由西北往东南递减,其中以肇庆东北大部、佛山北部和广州西部组成高值区分布中心,以佛山中南部、广州东南半部和江门西北半部组成三级次高级分布区,以惠州、东莞、深圳、中山、珠海和江门等珠江三角洲近海岸地区为一二级低值浓度区;影响因素中气温与气压等气象因素对HCHO的生成和分布有着促进作用,植被对HCHO的产生有一定的贡献,甲醛柱浓度的变化与汽车保有量、地区生产总值等经济发展要素呈现正相关关系,能源消耗总量与工业废气排放总量的增加与甲醛柱浓度增长密切相关,人为因素是甲醛柱浓度变化的主要原因.     

Extending the Dewanji and Kalbfleisch model to incorporate marker data

The model of Dewanji and Kalbfleisch for the estimation of time to tumour onset from a serial-sacrifice experiment is extended to include a marker state prior to the onset of the tumour. There are two versions of the model, one where a tumour is allowed to develop without the onset of marker, the other where a tumour develops after the marker but in which the marker later becomes unobservable.