Dredged Material Disposal at the Edge of the Florida Current

A field data collection project was undertaken to investigate the short-term fate of dredged material discharged in the designated Miami Ocean Dredged Material Disposal Site (ODMDS) before dredging of the Miami River and the Miami Harbor Turning Basin begins. the designated ODMDS is located in relatively deep water for discharge sites with a typical bottom depth of 150 metres and is also located in the western boundary region of the Gulf Stream current off Miami. Acoustical backscattering, current, particulate, temperature and salinity data were gathered over a three day period from April 24, 1990 through April 26, 1990. the major generic features of shallow-water discharge plumes were observed to be present: (a) the presence of a rapid convective descending plume portion; (b) impact of that plume portion with the ocean bottom and concomitant generation of a bottom surge; (c) rapid horizontal width growth of the descending plume through entrainment; and (d) retention of a residual plume portion within the water column. A well-mixed upper water column layer extending to a depth of 40 to 60 metres below the surface of the ocean permitted measurements of the plume entrainment coefficient free from bottom boundary, water column density gradient, and vertical current shear effects which are usually present in relatively shallow, e.g. less than 40 metres bottom depth, coastal ocean discharge studies. Entrainment coefficient estimates obtained in this study were between 0.5 to 0.7. the residual water plume material was tracked over one-half hour during each of eight discharge events and was transported in a north-northeast direction.     

Chelating resin immobilized sawdust packed chromatographic column: Application to separation and preconcentration of lead ion

Naturally abundant rubber sawdust has been utilized as a stationary support, which after immobilization with a chelating polyelectrolyte (xylenol orange as counterion) gets converted into a suitable column packing material for isolation and enrichment of trace level target analyte, accurately detectable by the technique of differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. The sorbent is robust and re-usable in column-chromatography without showing any leaching and interference complications. Its unique lead ion selectivity from multielemental complex matrices (synthetic water sample, blood serum) at optimized column conditions (pH 2.5 and flow rate 0.5?mL?min^?1) mitigates the usual problems of intermetallic and readsorption effects. Effects of flow rate, pH, equilibration time, and other variables are reported. The system has advantageous feature to be used in a single-column ion chromatography with satisfactory performance. A modest attempt has been made to determine lead fractions in human blood serum samples on the bases of selective retention of ionic and labile fractions on complexing resin.     

太原地区煤矸石作为建筑回填材料的试验研究

为了利用煤矸石作为建筑回填材料,控制其压实质量,以室内土工试验的方法,对太原地区某矿煤矸石进行了物理、力学等指标的试验研究。结果证明,所用煤矸石性能良好,性质较稳定,适合作为回填材料。并回归出该煤矸石的应力-应变关系式,得出了物理力学参数。     

红外气体分析仪比对防护试验检测方法的探究

本文通过比对检测方法,即化学法检测氨气防护试验的浓度和仪器法进行比对试验,得出两种方法准确度为2.77%,一致性良好,并且红外气体分析仪自动化程度高,测定简便、迅速,适用于防护试验。     

Mobilization of arsenic from technosols in a short-term dynamic column experiment

The release of arsenic from technosols was monitored using short-term dynamic leaching of homogeneous soil columns with native solution. Large amounts of readily available arsenic (16 mg kg^?1) were extracted from arsenic-rich ashy samples while representing less than 4 wt % of their total contents. In the first hour of leaching, the observed concentrations of water-soluble arsenic ranged from 650 to 830 μg L^?1, further increasing in the following leachates. The results showed that the concentrations of water-soluble arsenic were several times higher than the recommended limits for drinking water. Yet, most of arsenic is strongly bound to amorphous aluminosilicate phases. The contents of arsenic in the studied plant samples, including calculated transfer factors, confirmed that increased concentrations of arsenic in the soil of geological environment affected by dam failure of a coal ash pond may have a negative effect on crops since arsenic becomes part of the food chain.     

缓蚀技术在加氢裂化装置上的应用

结合加氢裂化装置目前的实际情况,分析了装置加工高含硫原料油后生产可能出现的分馏塔顶系统设备管线H2S腐蚀问题,提出了相应的对策措施.通过205B-1型加氢裂化缓蚀剂的应用,取得了良好的缓蚀效果.     

氨洗塔腐蚀隐患的消除与安全评估

通过对氨洗塔腐蚀产生原因的分析和隐患消除过程不符合项的判定,说明对压力容器进行安全评估的必要性和执行安全法规的曲折性.     

基于模糊概率的震害预测模型及其应用

将模糊数学中的模糊概率理论应用于震害预测之中,建立了模糊概率的震害预测模型.并应用此模型对单层砖排架柱厂房进行了震害预测;算例表明,该预测模型概念清晰,计算简单,效果较好.     

提高农业用水有效性的水文学研究

中国北方15个省、区、市耕地面积占全国的55%,灌溉面积占全国灌溉总面积的48%,而水资源总量仅占全国的20%。区域水资源短缺和农业的进一步发展,要求提高农业用水有效性。本文从水文学角度,研究了华北、西北和东北3个地区水土资源特征;分析了作物熟制和适水种植的节水效益、农田供水量与产量的函数关系、农田棵间蒸发量和控制措施,以及提高高产农田用水有效性等水文试验研究结果;介绍了河北省南皮节水农业试验区的研究模式。     

大口径毛细管柱气相色谱法在聚酯废气组成分析中的应用

采用直接进样大口径毛细管柱气相色谱法，可同时测定聚酯废气中乙烯、乙醛、乙酸、2－甲基－1，3－二氧戊环、三聚乙醛等污染物含量。进样量为1mL时，方法对乙烯、乙醛、乙酸、2－甲基－1，3－二氧戊环、三聚乙醛的最低检出浓度分别为1.0mg/m^3,2.3mg/m^3,7.3mg/m^3,2.7mg/m^3,3.3mg/m^3，回标回收率为92.0%-97.9%，相对标准偏差为1.8%-2.9%。对某煤厂聚酯废气进行实测，取得了较为满意的结果。