钢筋混凝土柱的耐火极限研究

编制了钢筋混凝土柱高温反应的全过程分析程序,程序的有效性得到了其他学者试验结果的验证。针对不同轴压比、截面尺寸、配筋率和荷载偏心率共480种工况进行了钢筋混凝土柱的高温反应分析,揭示了各主要参数对钢筋混凝土柱耐火极限的影响规律。在计算结果的基础上,定量给出了钢筋混凝土柱耐火极限的简化确定方法。研究结果表明:配筋率对轴压柱的耐火极限影响不大;严格控制轴压比和荷载偏心率是提高轴压柱和偏压柱耐火极限的有效措施。     

高效离子色谱柱后衍生法测定环境水体中过渡金属离子含量

建立了可同时分析饮用水中铁、铜、镍、锌、钴、镉、锰等过渡金属离子的方法。优化后的离子色谱条件:选用 Dionex IonPac CS5A色谱柱(4 mm×250 mm),以7.0 mmol/L 吡啶-2,6-二羧酸＋66 mmol/L KOH＋74 mmol/L HCOOH＋5.6 mmol/L K₂SO₄为淋洗液,流速为1.2 mL/min,柱温为30 ℃;以0.5 mmol/L 4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚＋1.0 mol/L 2-二甲醇胺＋0.5 mol/L氨水＋0.3 mol/L NaHCO₃为衍生液,流速为0.7 mL/min,紫外检测器波长为520 nm。结果表明,该离子色谱柱对以上过渡金属具有很好的保留和分离效果,衍生后的紫外检测手段具有优异的灵敏度和选择性。该方法稳定性良好,连续进样5针的相对标准偏差均小于0.79%;标准曲线线性关系良好,r≥0.998 8;方法检出限低,Fe³⁺为0.8 μg/L,Fe²⁺为4 μg/L,Cu²⁺为0.8 μg/L,Ni²⁺为3 μg/L,Zn²⁺为2 μg/L,Co²⁺为0.9 μg/L,Cd²⁺为16 μg/L,Mn²⁺为6 μg/L;检测结果准确,低、中、高3个水平的加标回收率均大于91.5%。该方法适用于环境水体中过渡金属离子的定量分析。     

土柱淋洗实验研究进展及其在土壤有机碳迁移研究中的应用展望

土壤碳库是陆地生态系统碳循环中重要的源与汇,其小幅的变化都将对大气CO2含量造成巨大的反馈.全球约有1 500 Gt的有机碳储存在土壤中,土壤有机碳的迁移转化一直以来是学者们关注的热点问题.土柱淋洗实验在农业、林业、环境科学等研究领域广泛应用,并在土壤溶质运移模拟、土壤水文性质、重金属和污染物迁移转化等科学研究中取得了...     

石油类污染物在砂砾石层中的迁移与分布

利用静态模拟实验研究河滩砂砾石对油类的静态吸附特性,确定平稳吸附等温方程。通过土柱实验模拟油类在砂砾石中的迁移过程,建立油类在砂砾石层中迁移的数学模拟模型,确定模型参数,以此预测油类砂砾石中的迁移。     

三峡库区香溪河流域磷矿废石磷素释放特性研究

以三峡库区香溪河流域内所堆存的磷矿开采废石为研究对象,分别利用去离子水和人工配制的酸雨(pH=4.5)作为淋溶液,采用动态柱淋溶的试验方法,对比分析了磷矿废石在中性和酸性淋溶条件下的磷素释放特性.结果表明,在中性淋溶条件下,磷矿废石淋出液将长期处于弱碱性状态(pH=7.0~9.0),而在酸性淋溶条件下,淋出液pH值将在液固比(L/S)达到0.5mL/g后由弱碱性(pH=8.0~9.0)转变为弱酸性(pH=6.0~7.0);磷矿废石淋出液中的总磷(TP)浓度主要受淋溶环境pH值的影响,呈现出随液相pH减小而增大的趋势,而淋溶时间的增加不会对淋出液中的TP浓度形成稀释效应;当淋溶环境的pH值相对稳定时,磷矿废石将以稳定的溶解速率向液相中释放磷素;而当淋溶环境的pH值由弱碱性向酸性转变时将形成磷素加速释放期;无论是在自然淋溶条件还是在酸性淋溶条件下,磷矿废石淋出液中的TP浓度均超出超过GB 8978-1996中所规定的III类水域TP的排放限值(0.5mg/L),应将其视为II类工业固体废弃物进行相应的处置,以降低其对香溪河库湾的磷污染风险.     

采用神经网络半主动TLCD对海洋固定式平台的振动控制

本项工作为研究半主动调液柱型阻尼器(TLCD)对固定或海洋平台的减振控制方法。首先建立TLCD-平台结构系统在地震和波浪作用下的运动方程,给出了半主动控制策略,即不断地调整TLCD的开孔率,使其能对平台结构达到最优的减振效果。由于TLCD中液体运动具有较强的非线性,用神经网络实时调节TLCD的开孔率,并通过数值算例验证了该方法的有效性。     

凝胶渗透色谱-硅胶柱-气相色谱-负化学离子源质谱测定生物介质中49种BFRs类化合物

建立了生物介质内22种多溴联苯(PBBs)和27种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的净化和分析方法。通过分析不同时间段凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)洗脱液中49种化合物含量,得出不同化合物凝胶色谱洗脱曲线。样品经过凝胶渗透色谱-混合硅胶柱净化后,再使用GC-(NCI)/MS对样品进行检测。实验结果表明,PBBs和PBDEs检出限分别为0.02~0.88 pg/g和0.01~74.00 pg/g。对实验过程进行验证发现,样品不同浓度加标回收率为80%~120%,相对标准偏差小于20%。该方法具有良好的净化效果、准确度和精密度,拥有良好的线性范围及检出限,满足生物介质中溴代阻燃剂的检测分析实际要求。     

Experimental Study of Gas-Liquid Interfacial Properties in a Stepped Cascade Flow

Gas-liquid interface measurements were conducted in a strongly turbulent free-surface flow (i.e., stepped cascade). Local void fractions, bubble count rates, bubble size distributions and gas-liquid interface areas were measured simultaneously in the air-water flow region using resistivity probes. The results highlight the air-water mass transfer potential of a stepped cascade with measured specific interface area over 650 m^–1 and depth-average specific area up to 310 m^–1. A comparison between single-tip and double-tip resistivity probes suggests that simple robust single-tip probes may provide accurate, although conservative, gas-liquid interfacial properties. The latter device may be used in the field and in prototype plants. Notation a = specific interface area (m^–1); a _mean = depth-average specific interface area (m^–1): a _mean=frac1Y ₉₀limits sup> Y ₉₀ sup ₀(1–C)dy; C = local void fraction; C _gas = dissolved gas concentration (kg m^–3); C _mean = depth-average mean air concentration defined as: C _mean=1–d/Y ₉₀; C _s = saturation concentration (kg m^–3); D = dimensionless air bubble diffusivity (defined by [1]); d = equivalent clear-water flow depth (m): d=limits sup> Y ₉₀ sup ₀(1–C) dy; d_ab = air bubble diameter (m); d_c = critical flow depth (m); for a rectangular channel: d _c=sqrt[3]q _w ²/g; F = air bubble count rate (Hz); F _max = maximum bubble count rate (Hz), often observed for C=50%; g = gravity acceleration (m s^–2); h = step height (m); K _L = liquid film coefficient (m s^–1); K = integration constant defined as: K=tanh ^–1 sqrt0.1)+(2D)^–1 [1]; L = chute length (m); N = velocity distribution exponent; ———– ^*Corresponding author, E-mail: h.chanson@mailbox.uq.edu.au Q _w = water discharge (m³ s^–1); q _w = water discharge per unit width m² s^–1); t = time (s); V = local velocity (m s^–1); V _c = critical flow velocity (m s^–1); for a rectangular channel: V _c=sqrt[3]q _w g V _max = maximum air-water velocity (m s^–1); V ₉₀ = characteristic air-water velocity (m s^–1) where C = 90%; W = channel width (m); x = longitudinal distance (m) measured along the flow direction (i.e., parallel to the pseudo-bottom formed by the step edges); y = distance (m) normal to the pseudo-bottom formed by the step edges; Y₉₀ = characteristic distance (m) where C=0.90; Y ₉₈ = characteristic distance (m) where C=0.98; = slope of pseudo-bottom by the step edges; = diameter (m).     

Double-Arranged Mound-Mounted Shelterbelts: Influence of Porosity on Wind Reduction between the Shelters

Using a two-dimensional LDA-System, measurements in an atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel have been made in the intermediate field of double-arranged, mound-mounted shelterbelts. The porosity of the shelterbelts ranged from 0% to 52%. For each porosity, seven different distances of the two windbreaks between 5 and 25 times the windbreak height were investigated. The efficiency of the windbreak systems is assessed by means of protection parameters considering the change of horizontal momentum on bodies immersed in the flow, of pedestrian comfort conditions and of momentum exchange in vertical direction. Furthermore recirculation zones and the change of kinetic energy are shown. The measurement results are given in the form of contour plots indicating flow quantities and protection volumes between the two windbreaks. The shelter efficiency of the investigated windbreak systems is compared to that of adequate single line windbreaks. It is shown that for certain windbreak configurations the wind-protected area in the intermediate field of consecutively arranged windbreaks becomes larger in comparison to a single windbreak.