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551.
利用吹扫捕集测量水和废水中氯乙烯,其检出限低,为0.024μg/L,优于目前所用的《生活饮用水卫生规范》中推荐方法(1.0μ/L),结果准确,操作快捷方便,无溶剂污染,干扰少,更能满足环境样品痕量监测的要求。 相似文献
552.
Ali Ercan M. Levent Kavvas Kara Carr Zachary Hockett Hossein Bandeh Timothy D. Mussen Dennis Cocherell Jamilynn B. Poletto Joseph J. Cech Jr. Nann A. Fangue 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2017,53(2):431-441
Most of the water diversions on the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers (California, United States) and their tributaries are currently unscreened. These unscreened diversions are commonly used for irrigation and are potentially harmful to migrating and resident fishes. A large flume (test section: 18.29 m long, 3.05 m wide and 3.20 m high) was used to investigate the hydraulic fields near an unscreened water diversion under ecologically and hydraulically relevant diversion rates and channel flow characteristics. We investigated all combinations of three diversion rates (0.28, 0.42, and 0.57 m3/s) and three sweeping velocities (0.15, 0.38, and 0.61 m/s), with one additional test at 0.71 m3/s and 0.15 m/s. We measured the three‐dimensional velocity field at seven cross sections near a diversion pipe and constructed regression equations of the observed maximum velocities near the pipe. Because the velocity components in three directions (longitudinal, transverse, and vertical) were significantly greater near the diversion pipe inlet compared with those farther from it, they cannot be neglected in the modeling and design of fish guidance and protection devices for diversion pipes. Our results should be of great value in quantifying the hydraulic fields that are formed around fish guidance devices to design more effective protection for fishes from entrainment into unscreened water‐diversion pipes. 相似文献
553.
基于选择实验法的支付意愿研究——以湘江水污染治理为例 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
论述了选择实验法的理论基础,运用该方法对湘江水污染治理中居民的支付意愿进行了实证分析,以此推断实施湘江流域水污染治理工程后湘江流域水质好转带来的环境价值。选择在湘江流域的八大城市布点,获取了587份居民的调查问卷数据资料。通过计量经济学分析,得到如果实施湘江流域水污染治理工程、彻底解决湘江重金属污染问题,水质完全达到或优于Ⅱ类水标准,湘江流域居民总的支付意愿为1074亿元。 相似文献
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556.
Damian Pietrzak Katarzyna Wątor Dorota Pękała Justyna Wójcik Aneta Chochorek 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2019,54(5):424-431
The work was carried out to develop and validate a method based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous detection and quantification of five neonicotinoid insecticides: acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam in groundwater samples for the purpose of a further column experiment. This experiment will be used to analyze breakthrough curves of neonicotinoids under a saturated water flow to set transport parameters, where the reliability of the results of chemical analysis plays an important role. The validation was performed in a concentration range from 0.09?µg L?1 to 100?µg L?1 using an Infinity 1290 (Agilent, USA) chromatograph coupled with a QTrap 5500 mass spectrometer (Sciex, Canada). The calibration curves were obtained on the basis of the results of six standard solution analyses. Linearity was not lower than 0.998. The limit of detection was set at the lowest concentration which can be determined with an acceptable accuracy and precision. All pesticides had recoveries in the range 85–109% with relative standard deviation values less than 8.1%. The estimated measurement uncertainty did not exceed 30%, so the LC-MS/MS method fits for the intended purpose. 相似文献
557.
在填料吸收塔中考察了Na2CO3溶液吸收高浓度H2S气体的气液传质特性。通过测量填料塔进出口气体中H2S浓度计算了Na2CO3溶液吸收高浓度H2S气体的总体积传质系数(KGa),并研究了进气流速、吸收液流量、吸收温度和吸收液浓度对KGa的影响。结果表明,KGa随Na2CO3浓度、吸收液流量的增加而增加,随吸收温度、进气流速的升高而降低;在高浓度H2S吸收过程中液相传质阻力不能忽略。 相似文献
558.
Dai B. Yang Ya Q. Wang Wen X. Liu Shu Tao 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):307-313
Recent studies have focused on enantiomeric behaviors of chiral organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in biotic matrix because they provide insights into the biotransformation processes of chiral OCPs. In the present paper, a double in-line column chromatographic method was developed to effectively remove the lipid impurity in different biotic samples for clean-up of OCPs. After an initial Soxhlet extraction of OCPs from the biotic samples by a mixture of acetone and dichloromethane (DCM), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was directly added to the extract, and low boiling point solvents (acetone and DCM) were then evaporated. OCPs remained in DMSO were eluted via column 1 filled with silicon gel, and subsequently passed through column 2 packed with 15% deactivated florisil. This novel method was characterized by significant time and solvent savings. The recovery rates of α -HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane), β -HCH, γ -HCH and δ -HCH were 78.5 ± 3.1%, 72.4 ± 7.7%, 72 ± 4.0% and 70.0 ± 8.7%, respectively, and 92.5 ± 3.8%, 79.7 ± 6.7% and 83.4 ± 6.5% for 1,1-dichloro-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4- chlorophenyl) ethylene (o,p′-DDE), 1,1-dichloro-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chloro phenyl)ethane (o,p′-DDD) and 1,1,1-trichloro-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (o,p′-DDT), separately. In addition, the separation efficiencies of the target compounds by both achiral and chiral gas chromatographic columns were satisfactory using the established method. Therefore, the double in-line column chromatography was a useful alternative method for pretreatment of OCPs in different biotic samples. 相似文献
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560.
长期施肥对水稻土耕层微生物生物量氮和有机氮组分的影响 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
以亚热带2个国家级稻田土壤肥力变化长期定位监测点的土样为对象,研究了长期施肥对土壤微生物生物量氮(BN)和有机氮组分的影响.采用氯仿熏蒸-K2SO4提取法和酸水解-蒸馏法分别对耕层土壤微生物生物量氮和有机氮组分进行了测定.结果表明,经过17a的有机无机肥配合施用,土壤氮含量水平较低的宁乡点,土壤全氮平均每年增加约40 mg·kg-1,而土壤氮含量水平较高的南县点,平均每年增加约55 mg·kg-1.有机无机肥长期配合施用也提高了土壤微生物生物量氮和微生物生物量氮占全氮的比例;同时也显著增加酸解性氮及氨基酸态氮、酸解未知氮的含量.此外,土壤酸解性氮及其组分均与微生物生物量氮存在极显著的正相关关系,其中氨基酸态氮和酸解未知氮对微生物生物量氮的影响最大.研究表明,有机无机肥配施是使稻田土壤氮素含量提高的重要措施,有机无机肥配施促进了土壤氮库的积累,即易矿化和较难矿化2部分氮库同时增加. 相似文献