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101.
David T. Welsh 《Chemistry and Ecology》2003,19(5):321-342
Benthic macrofaunal populations through their feeding, bioturbation, burrow construction and sediment irrigation activities have profound influences on organic matter inputs to marine sediments (biodeposition) and on the vertical distribution of deposited organic matter within the sediment. These effects in turn influence the rates and pathways of organic matter mineralisation, and element cycles. Similarly, bioturbation, burrow construction and burrow irrigation are major determinants of sediment-water column fluxes of oxygen and nutrients.
In this review, I discuss the influences of the different benthic macrofaunal feeding (functional) groups on mineralisation processes and sediment-water column fluxes of particulate and dissolved nutrients. How these effects influence diagenic processes, the balance between aerobic and anaerobic processes, and the redox status of the surficial sediments. Finally, I discuss some of the limitations of the predominantly laboratory techniques which have been used to study “macrofaunal effects” and how this hinders the inclusion of the effects in quantitative sediment biogeochemical models. 相似文献
In this review, I discuss the influences of the different benthic macrofaunal feeding (functional) groups on mineralisation processes and sediment-water column fluxes of particulate and dissolved nutrients. How these effects influence diagenic processes, the balance between aerobic and anaerobic processes, and the redox status of the surficial sediments. Finally, I discuss some of the limitations of the predominantly laboratory techniques which have been used to study “macrofaunal effects” and how this hinders the inclusion of the effects in quantitative sediment biogeochemical models. 相似文献
102.
X.J. Xie W. Ran Q.R. Shen C.Y. Yang J.J. Yang Z.H. Cao 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2004,26(2):237-243
Field experiments were done in two sites, Yixing and Changshu, Jiangsu province, China, to study P movement and leaching in flooded paddy soils. P movement in soil was investigated by using the KH2
32PO4 tracker method, and the amount of P leached from the soil layer in different depths was estimated by measuring P concentrations in the soil solution and saturated hydraulic conductivities in field. Determination was done about one month after P application. There was 46% and 42% of total 32P retained in the 0–5cm layer of soil in the Yixing site and in the Changshu site respectively. The 32P retained in the 25–30 cm layer was only about 1–2% of the total 32P added. Furthermore, 8.01% of 32P in the soil of Yixing site and 16.8% of 32P in the soil of Changshu site was lost from the layer 0–30cm soil. The seasonal amounts of P leached from the top soil layer and from bottom layer are about 4.5–5.8% and 1.6–2.1% of the total P application, respectively. Changes of total P concentrations in soil solutions during rice growth showed that the fertilizer P applied before flooding of the paddy fields suffered a flash leaching loss and a slow leaching loss. We concluded that the fertilizer P could quickly move in the flooded paddy rice field and parts of it can enter into surface water and ground water. Unless the P application is well managed the risk of P loss and consequently environmental pollution exist. 相似文献
103.
104.
本文主要介绍在含酸及其相应盐的废液中分离酸和盐的一种方法。将含酸及其相应盐的废液,通过装有强碱性阴离子交换树脂柱,其中的酸受到阻滞,而相应的盐能顺利通过,然后用水洗脱,则流出的是含酸的溶液,使酸和相应的盐得到了分离。经FeSO4-H2SO4和ZnSO4-H2SO4两组废液的试验,均能使酸和金属得到回收。分离后的废水,可达标排放,废液得到了处理。酸阻滞法简单易行,易于投产使用,不受规模大小的限制。 相似文献
105.
模拟酸雨对土柱中稀土元素迁移的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
模拟研究酸雨对土柱中稀土元素迁移的影响.结果表明,在雨水、酸雨淋溶下,对照组红壤土柱中所含稀土元素有向下迁移的趋势,并且随淋溶液pH值的降低,稀土元素向下迁移的能力增加.外源稀土迁移量的大小顺序为;Ce>La>Nd>Pr,其顺序与各稀土元素在稀土微肥中含量大小的顺序相同.表明外源稀土的迁移性与外源稀土的总量密切相关.外源稀土在土柱中的含量随着红壤深度的增加而减少,稀土元素主要在土柱中第一、二层持留;随着淋溶液酸度的下降,稀土元素向下迁移的能力增加. 相似文献
106.
This study delineated the mathematical forms for the reactions involved in the mass balance of As in cropland soils. Even
mathematically simplified, many model parameters are required to define the reactive processes involved. Example simulations
were conducted based on the range of parameter values and initial conditions derived from published literature. The outcomes
showed that the As inputs due to fertilizers and irrigation water caused total As content of the root zone to gradually increase
over time. The plant uptake and leaching were equally important as pathways for removal of the added As. In turn, the dissolution
kinetics of the mineral phase and the distribution coefficient of the adsorbed phase affected the availability of the As for
plant uptake and leaching. Parameters based on laboratory-derived data on the dissolution of As mineral phase, mineralization
and oxidation of As(III), and the As plant uptake however appeared to overestimate the As transformations in soils. While
the development of mathematical model was a straightforward process, its application to realistic situations was hindered
by difficulties of defining model parameter values with confidence. Current knowledge on the processes and reactions of As
transformation in the soil–plant system is inadequate to calibrate or validate the model. Studies are needed to understand
the kinetics of soil As mineral dissolution and precipitation and the dynamics of root growth and As uptake by plant in soils. 相似文献
107.
应用HYDRUS-1D模型模拟农田土壤水渗漏及硝态氮淋失特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在定位试验基础上,应用HYDRUS-1D模型对黄淮海平原典型土壤(黄潮土)中土壤水渗漏及硝态氮淋失动态进行了模拟分析。结果表明:在传统水氮管理模式下,黄潮土2m土体深处的土壤水渗漏和硝态氮淋失非常严重,2个轮作期内,土壤水渗漏总量占地表总入水量的23.7%,硝态氮淋失总量占总输入N量的15.9%,冬小麦生长季的硝态氮淋失量大于夏玉米生长季;改良灌溉和改良施肥模式下产生的硝态氮淋失量比传统灌溉和传统施肥模式减少74.7%,节约灌溉水211.5mm、节省施N423.5kg·hm-2。 相似文献
108.
主要原材料为高炉矿渣的碱矿渣胶凝材料(HAS)、掺3%沸石的HAS、掺5%沸石的HAS、水泥等4种固化材料被用来固化人工合成含铅、镉、铬等重金属的污泥。污泥固化体中污泥与固化材的掺和比例为4:1。实验结果表明,HAS固化剂对重金属污泥的固化效果要好于水泥,其污泥固化体的无侧限抗压强度高于水泥固化体,同时其固化体的重金属浸出量明显低于水泥。沸石的掺入使HAS固化体的重金属浸出量减小,且随着沸石掺加量的增大,HAS固化体的重金属浸出量相应的减少。 相似文献
109.
本文研究了利用毛细管柱分离、测定水样中的苯系物。该方法用二硫化碳萃取水样中的苯系物,细口径毛细管柱分离,FID测定。在分流比为100∶1的条件下,方法最低检出浓度在0025~0047mg/L之间,低于填充柱法。该方法适用于地表水、地下水和废水中微量苯系物的测定。 相似文献
110.