组合施肥技术对黑土肥力影响的研究

采取定位试验的方法研究了组合施肥技术对土壤有机质、氮、磷的影响。结果表明,组合施肥较单施化肥土壤有机质含量增加1.8～3.3g/kg;土壤全氮增加0.05g/kg,速效氮(除Ⅱ处理外)增加6.6～44.6mg/kg;土壤全磷增加0.15～0.29g/kg.速效磷增加15.68～37.21mg/kg。土壤有机质增量为0.6～23g/kg;土壤氮素增量全氮增加0.002～0.25g/kg,速效氮增加11.6～39.4mg/kg;土壤磷素增量全磷增加0.09～0.24g/kg,速效磷增加23.59～57.28mg/kg。在保持土壤肥力有所提高的情况下,玉米大豆两年平均产量提高7.7％～17.3％,净收入提高19.4％～37.3％,由此可见,组合施肥技术应用前景广阔。     

菰和菖蒲在污水中的生长特性及其净化效果比较

通过漂浮栽植菰(Zizania latifolia)和菖蒲(Acoruscalamus),研究了它们在低、中、高3种浓度污水中的生长特性及其对这3种浓度污水的净化效果.结果表明,菰和菖蒲均在中浓度污水中生长最好.菰在中浓度污水中的生物量显著高于低浓度和高浓度中;菖蒲在中浓度污水中的生物量略高于低浓度和高浓度中,但差异不显著.菰对中浓度污水中TN、NH3-N、TP和CODCr的去除率分别为97.4%、95.3%、98.5%和71.4%,对高浓度污水中TN、NH3-N、TP和CODCr的去除率分别为96.4%、97.7%、88.2%和76.1%,净化效果均显著高于低浓度中.菰可作为中、高浓度污水的净化植物.菖蒲净化中浓度污水的效果最好,对TN、NH3-N、TP和CODCr的去除率分别为97.5%、94.1%、98.5%和72.7%;对高浓度污水中的NH3-N和CODCr去除效果也较好,去除率分别为97.8%和86.7%,但对TN和TP的去除率分别为89.5%和70.9%,显著低于对低浓度和中浓度污水中TN和TP的去除率.图1表4参13     

电场强化复合吸附塔处理重金属Cd2+离子的研究

选择石英砂与枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)死菌体组成复合吸附剂,在外加直流微电场的强化作用下,对废水中Cd2 离子进行穿透曲线测定,结果表明,Cd2 在石英砂装填的电生物复合吸附(EBA)装置中吸附作用较差,微电场的存在对重金属离子的吸附起到了明显的强化作用,微电场 复合吸附剂对重金属离子的吸附效果优于其它两种条件.     

不同结构生态滤池处理城镇污水研究

研究了不同结构生态滤池处理城镇污水的效果。复合床生态滤池采用初沉池出水作为进水，用中颗粒填料和粗颗粒填料作为惰性填料层，在不同水力负荷下(HLR)，CODCr、NH4^ -N去除率分别达74％-85％、30％-90％，出水浊度低。出水中NH4^ -N质量浓度下降，NO3^ -N质量浓度显著增加。氮的转化受HLR影响较大。中颗粒填料较粗颗粒填料的处理效果好，惰性层在硝化方面起着重要作用。进出水中碱度差与硝酸根质量浓度差、氨氮质量浓度差均呈显著相关性。介绍了生态滤池内的物质流、食物链及生态滤池的工作原理。     

Influence of fertilizer and sewage sludge compost on yield and heavy metal accumulation by lettuce grown in urban soils

Previous research has demonstrated that many urban soils are enriched in Pb, Cd and Zn. Culture of vegetable crops in these soils could allow transfer of potentially toxic metals to foods. Tanya lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was grown in pots of five urban garden soils and one control agricultural soil to assess the effect of urban-soil metal enrichment, and the effect of soil amendments, on heavy metal uptake by garden vegetables. The amendments included NPK fertilizer, limestone, Ca(H₂PO₄)₂, and two rates of limed sewage sludge compost. Soil Cd ranged from 0.08 to 9.6 mg kg^–1; soil Zn from 38 to 3490 mg kg^–1; and soil Pb from 12 to 5210 mg kg^–1. Lettuce yield on the urban garden soils was as great as or greater than that on the control soil. Lettuce Cd, Zn and Pb concentrations increased from 0.65, 23, and 2.2 mg kg^–1 dry matter in the control soil to as high as 3.53, 422 and 37.0 mg kg^–1 on the metal-rich urban garden soils. Adding limestone or limed sewage sludge compost raised soil pH and significantly reduced lettuce Cd and Zn, while phosphate fertilizer lowered soil pH and had little effect on Zn but increased Cd concentration in lettuce. Urban garden soils caused a significant increase in lettuce leaf Pb concentration, especially on the highest Pb soil. Adding NPK fertilizer, phosphate, or sludge compost to two high Pb soils lowered lettuce Pb concentration, but adding limestone generally did not. On normally fertilized soils, Pb uptake by lettuce was not exceptionally high until soil Pb substantially exceeded 500 mg kg^–1. Comparing garden vegetables and soil as potential sources of Pb risk to children, it is clear that the risk is greater through ingestion of soil or dust than through ingestion of garden vegetables grown on the soil. Urban dwellers should obtain soil metal analyses before selecting garden locations to reduce Pb risk to their children.     

城市污水污泥对环境的污染及其防治

本文论述了城市污水污泥对水源和土壤的污染,并对其污泥特性作了分析,指出在我国的现有条件下污泥的处置主要为农业上的利用.     

生物－非生物煤炭脱硫新技术的研究

对生物－非生物煤炭脱硫的原理、菌种及操作条件等问题进行了探讨和实验研究。实验结果表明非生物－乳化技术与生物脱硫技术结合应用，大大提高了脱硫效率。在２—３ｄ内煤炭黄铁矿硫去除率为５３．２％，总硫去除率为３２．７％。而且改变煤粒度或反应条件均会改变总硫去除率，最高可达４７％（２ｄ）。     

SBR法在小区生活污水处理上的应用

SBR法工艺流程简单、造价低，主体设备只有一个序批式间歇反应器，无二沉池、污泥回流系统，初沉池也可省略，布置紧凑、占地面积省，可根据水质、水量情况灵活运行，具有良好的脱氮除磷效果。而生活小区土地面积有限，景观要求高。通过采用SBR法处理小区生活污水，处理效果好，COD、BOD、SS、TNP和NH3-N去除率分别达到88．75％、87．50％、86．10％、84．50％和51．70％，且都达到GB8978—1996中一级排放标准。     

低耗高效城镇污水处理研发新进展——以厌氧生物处理为核心技术的城镇污水处理成套工艺中试研究

介绍以厌氧生物为核心技术的城镇污水处理成套工艺中试研究。HABR处理城镇污水 ,容积负荷控制在1～ 2kg m3·d,CODCr去除率可达 70 %～ 80 % ,出水CODCr和SS的浓度可达到污水综合排放标准的二级标准 ,经后续好氧处理后 ,出水CODCr和SS的浓度可达一级排放标准。试验结果表明 ,以厌氧生物为核心技术、好氧生物为后续处理的成套工艺 ,具有低耗高效、管理简便的特点 ,适合于我国城镇污水处理。试验获取的技术参数可作为工程设计的依据。     

Molecular ecological networks reveal the spatial-temporal variation of microbial communities in drinking water distribution systems

Microbial activity and regrowth in drinking water distribution systems is a major concern for water service companies. However, previous studies have focused on the microbial composition and diversity of the drinking water distribution systems(DWDSs), with little discussion on microbial molecular ecological networks(MENs) in different water supply networks.MEN analysis explores the potential microbial interaction and the impact of environmental stress, to explain the characteristics of microbial...