流域环境保护与均衡发展的矛盾及其对策探析

为寻找可兼顾发展与环保、效率与公平、能调动上下游双向积极性的制度安排或系统解决方案,尝试提出了“水系工业排放配额制”的方法,即将水系所能承载的最大工业排放量作为配额,公平分配到流域单元,并允许其交易;企业可在投资治污抑或购买排放配额之间进行自由选择,环境脆弱的流域单元也可向外转让其“闲置”的排放配额,这样其因承担源头保护义务而被迫放弃的部分工业发展权就从配额交易中得到了补偿,并可将此补偿用于发展生态适宜产业,鉴于流域环境保护与均衡发展矛盾的复杂性及工业排放控制的难度,方案的实施宜循序渐进．     

脱硫成本—地面浓度响应模型理论和案例初探

综合分析了目前二氧化硫削减技术政策现状,提出了一种评价二氧化硫治理效率的指标——单位投资地面浓度改善水平。利用该指标对一个地区SO2污染源进行评价,通过设定基金激励机制,吸引高效率的污染源积极完成污染治理任务,并应用博弈论分析基金如何影响企业污染治理决策,达到以较小成本控制污染的目的。通过案例的计算,比较A-P浓度贡献法削减方案和文章推荐方案的脱硫经济成本和环境效益。     

浅层气浮处理微污染水体机理研究

采用中水作为小区封闭景观水体的原水和补充水,针对景观水体受污染的特点,构建一种结合生物与气浮技术优点的处理方法,重点分析影响其处理效果的各种因素,建立包含一个主流程和两个内部循环的BOAF高效浅层气浮净化处理装置系统。实验结果表明,BOAF浅层气浮技术用于处理微污染水体是可行的,为中水景观水体的应用和推广提供了坚实的技术保障。     

我国大气VOCs监测现状及挑战

对我国开展大气VOCs监测的必要性、监测现状以及主要使用的监测方法进行了分析。目前,我国已初步建立了大气VOCs手工与自动监测网络,主要采用预浓缩-热脱附-气相色谱-质谱/氢火焰离子化检测器法进行PAMS组分和TO-15组分分析,利用高效液相色谱法进行13种醛、酮类组分分析。目前大气VOCs监测还存在数据质量、灵敏度有待提高,不同设备或方法监测结果一致性较差等问题。为此在VOCs监测过程中应进一步加强质量保证与质量控制,并尝试通过提高预浓缩装置除水和干扰物效率、提升进样量等多种手段提高监测灵敏度。     

县级单元国土空间线控机制研究?——以涞水县为例

2019年10月,中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅联合印发《关于在国土空间规划中统筹划定落实三条控制线的指导意见》后,线控管理模式将取代先前以量控为主的粗放型管理模式。本文以涞水县为例,通过分析涞水县生态保护红线、永久基本农田控制线、城镇开发边界三条控制线（以下简称“三线”）划定中的现实问题,剖析我国当前“三线”划定和实施线控的困境,从探索“三线”划定方法出发建立线控机制,包括“三线”优序管理、线数统管、两级分管和政策保障等内容;通过典型试点、用途管制与用态管治统筹推进线控实践;提出遗留问题处理、永久基本农田控制线和生态保护红线立法、顶层设计等当前主要任务。     

Pre-oxidation enhanced cyanobacteria removal in drinking water treatment: A review

Cyanobacterial bloom has many adverse effects on source water quality and drinking water production. The traditional water treatment process can hardly achieve satisfactory removal of algae cells. This review examines the impact of pre-oxidation on the removal of cyanobacteria by solid-liquid separation processes. It was reported that the introduction of chemical oxidants such as chlorine, potassium permanganate, and ozone in algae-laden water pretreatment could improve algae removal by the subsequent solid-liquid separation processes. However, over dosed oxidants can result in more serious water quality risks due to significant algae cell lysis and undesirable intracellular organic matter release. It was suggested that moderate pre-oxidation may enhance the removal of cyanobacteria without damaging algae cells. In this article, effects of moderate pretreatment on the solid-liquid separation processes (sedimentation, dissolved air flotation, and membrane filtration) are reviewed.     

洁净手术部空调系统设计

简要介绍了手术室洁净技术的国内外发展历程与现状,并在此基础上,针对河北省三河市某医院的洁净手术部的工程建设,着重介绍了其工程概况和空调系统设计,包括空调系统的构成、设计参数、主要设备的特点及运行原理。在其工程实践的基础上提出了一些改进措施和建议。     

Monitoring of non-point source pollutants load from a mixed forest land use

The aim of this study was to determine the unit load of NPS (non-point source) pollutants including organic variables such as BOD (biochemical oxygen demand),COD (chemical oxygen demand) and DOC (dissolved organic carbon),nitrogen and phosphorus constituents,and suspended solids (SS) and their event mean concentration (EMC) of runoff flows from a water-shed of mixed forest land use by intensive field experiments.Field monitoring for continuous measurements of rainfall,flow,and water quality was conducted over 12 storm events during 2008–2009 using automated and manual sampling methods.The EMCs of individual runoff event were estimated for each water quality constituent based on the flow rate and concentration data of runoff discharge.The average EMCs of BOD,COD,DOC,SS,TN (total nitrogen),NH 4+ -N,NO 3- -N,TP (total phosphorus),PO 43- -P from the mixed forest land were 1.794,3.498,1.462,10.269,0.862,0.044,0.634,0.034,and 0.005 mg/L,respectively.The annual unit loads of BOD,COD,DOC,SS,TN,NH 4+ -N,NO 3- -N,TP and PO 43--P were estimated as 66.9,133.2,55.5,429.8,36.5,1.6,26.9,1.3 and 0.1 kg/(ha·yr),respectively.In addition,affecting parameters on the EMCs were investigated by statistic analysis of the field data.As a result,significant correlations with precipitation,rainfall intensity,and total runoff flows were found in most constituents.     

气浮净水工艺述评

从热力学、动力学、流体力学三个方面介绍了气浮理论,对涡凹气浮、浅层气浮、超声波气浮、高效加压气浮、逆流共聚气浮等五种新型气浮工艺的原理和特点进行了评述,最后讨论了气浮净水技术的发展和研究方向。     

Transfer and transport of aluminum in filtration unit

Aluminum salt coagulants were used prevalently in various water works.In this article,the effects of filtration on residual aluminum concentration and species distribution were researched by determining the concentration of diiferent aluminum species before and after single layer filter,double layer filter,and membrane filtration units.In the research,size exclusion chromatography(SEC)was used to separate colloidal and soluble aluminum,ion exchange chromatography(IEC)was used to separate organic and inorganic aluminum, and inductivity coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES)was used to determine the aluminum concentration.The results showed that the rapid filtration process had the ability of removing residual aluminum from coagulant effluent water,and that double layer filtration was more effective in residual aluminum removal than single layer filtration,while nano filtration was more effective than micro filtration.It was found that when the residual aluminum concentration was below 1mg/L in sediment effluent,the residual aluminum concentration in treated water was above 0.2 mg/L.The direct rapid filtration process mainly removed the suspended aluminum.The removal of soluble and colloidal aluminum was always less than 10% and the natural small particles that adsorbed the amount of soluble or small particles aluminum on their surface were difficult to be removed in this process.Micro filtration and nano filtration were good technologies for removing aluminum;the residual aluminum concentration in the effluent was less than 0.05 mg/L.