凹凸棒复合滤料去除水中Cr（Ⅵ）试验研究

通过静态和动态吸附实验,研究了凹凸棒复合滤料对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的去除效果。静态实验结果表明,在实验范围内,凹凸棒复合滤料对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附可以用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程来描述,但更符合Freundlich方程,相关系数为0.989 2;动态实验结果表明,随着pH值、水力负荷和进水浓度的增加,凹凸棒复合滤料对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附率呈下降趋势。     

HTPB药柱老化对SRM内弹道性能的影响及偏差分析

为了定性和定量的描述药柱燃面、密度、燃速等因素对固体火箭发动机（SRM）内弹道性能的影响,在HTPB复合固体推进剂老化研究和SRM内弹道性能预估研究的基础上,分析了HTPB推进剂因贮存老化引起的SRM内弹道性能偏差,建立了性能偏差计算模型。结果表明,老化引起的药柱燃面、密度、燃速变化以及侵蚀燃烧引起的喷喉烧蚀是SRM贮存过程中影响内弹道性能偏差的直接因素,老化引起它们微小的波动都会引起发动机内弹道性能较大的偏离。在发动机寿命预估和进行可靠性分析时必须考虑老化对内弹道性能的影响。     

Adsorption characteristics of humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite for cationic dyes in aqueous solutions

Humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (HA-Am-PAA-B) was prepared and used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of cationic dyes (Malachite Green (MG), Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV)) from aqueous solutions. The polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (PAA-B) was prepared by intercalative polymerization of acrylamide with Nabentonite in the presence of N,N0-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent and hexamethylenediammine as propagater. PAA-B was subsequently treated with ethylenediammine to increase its loading capacity for HA. The surface characterizations of the adsorbent were investigated. The adsorbent behaved like a cation exchanger and more than 99.0% removal of dyes was detected at pH range 6.0–8.0. The capacity of HA-Am-PAA-B was found to decrease in the following order: MG > MB > CV. The kinetic and isotherm data were interpreted by pseudo-second order rate equation and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. Experiments were carried out using binary solute systems to assess the competitive adsorption phenomenon. The experimental isotherm data for each binary solute combination of MG, MB and CV were analyzed using Sheindrof-Rebhun-Sheintuch (SRS) (multicomponent Freundlich type) equation.     

Mechnism of combination membrane and electro-winning process on treatment and remediation of Cu2+ polluted water body

Mechnism of treatment and remediation of synthetic Cu2+ polluted water body by membrane and electro-winning combination process was investigated.The influnce of electrolysis voltage,pH,and electrolysis time on the metal recovery efficiencies were studied.Relationship between trans-membrane pressure drop (ΔP),additions ratio,initial Cu2+ concentration on operating efficency,stability of membrane and the possibility of water reuse were also investigated.The morphology of membrane and electrodes were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM),the composition of suface deposits was ascertained using combined energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and atomic absorption spectrophotometer.The results showed that using low presure reverse osmosis (LPRO),the Cu2+ concentration could increase from 20 mg/L to 100 mg/L or even higher in the concentrate solutions and permeate water conductivity could be less than 20 μS/cm.The addition of SDS can improve the Cu2+ removal efficiency,while EDTA had little side influence.In electro-reduction process,using plante electrode cell,Cu2+ concentration can be further reduced to 5 mg/L,and the average current efficiency ranged from 9% to 40%.Using 3D electrolysis treatment,Cu2+ concentration could be reduced to 0.5 mg/L with a current efficiency range 60%-70%.     

TiO_2/SiO_2复合体光催化降解染料废水的试验

通过光催化剂TiO2／SiO2的复合体处理染料废水的模拟实验,讨论了Si／Ti比值、pH值和焙烧温度,对处理模拟染料废水效能的影响。结果表明：在焙烧温度为700℃条件下制得的Si／Ti比值为1：7的TiO2/SiO2复合体,pH值为9时,光催化降解模拟有机染料废水的效果最佳。     

高透水地层复合土钉墙的应用

在透水性高的砂性土条件下,将止水帷幕水泥土搅拌桩与土钉相结合,形成复合土钉墙支护结构,是解决高透水地层基坑支护的有效方式.针对某具体工程实例,介绍了高透水地层采用复合土钉墙结构进行基坑支护的设计方案,并对基坑变形进行了监测.结果表明:采用复合土钉墙支护可满足基坑开挖对支护结构稳定及周边环境保护的要求,同时复合土钉墙结构受力合理、安全度高、施工简单方便、工期短、造价低,具有较好的经济和社会效益,可在类似工程中推广应用.     

高温热水解-催化分光光度法测定植物样品中的痕量碘

建立了测定植物中痕量碘的高温热水解-催化分光光度法。设计了预处理程序以使植物样品能够稳定、彻底地进行热水解。通过正交实验优化了样品预处理的热水解参数:样品质量0.5g、氧气流量100mL/min、吸收液的NaOH浓度0.2mol/L、温度1100℃和热水解时间20min。为提高催化分光光度法测定吸收液中痕量碘的灵敏度,碘催化砷铈氧化还原反应的条件优化为:反应温度45℃、反应时间35min。该方法的检测限和定量下限分别为0.3ng/g和0.9ng/g,满足植物样品中痕量碘的分析要求。对国家标准植物样品的分析结果表明该方法准确度高、精密度好。由于使用的仪器都很常用、便宜,并具有测试费用低廉,检测限低、准确度和精密度高等优点,该方法易于推广使用,适合于植物样品碘含量的日常分析。     

碳纤维环氧复合材料盐雾老化试验研究

采用中性盐雾条件模拟海洋大气环境进行了加速老化试验,研究了碳纤维环氧复合材料在海洋气候中的耐久性.分析了该复合材料经盐雾老化试验后的质量、层间剪切强度和弯曲强度的变化,结合湿热老化机理,研究了其老化规律.结果表明,随着试验时间的增加,复合材料的吸湿量增加,力学强度下降,表现出塑性特征.在吸湿最初阶段对力学性能影响最大,...     

复配混凝剂处理染料废水的研究

以COD为288mg／L,色度为25000倍的配制酸性大红GR染料废水为对象,在研究常用混凝剂处理的基础上,配制了FeSO4——MgSO4-PAM复配混凝剂,并通过实验优化了操作条件。结果表明,复配混凝剂在较少的投加量下,即可同时达到较高的脱色率与COD去除率,处理效果明显优于单一混凝剂。当脱色率达90．9％,COD去除率达74．1％时,复配混凝剂总药剂费用仅为0．94元／吨废水,在经济性和处理效果上均是可行的。     

利用NH3选择性催化还原（SCR）烟气脱硝技术研究进展

介绍了利用NH3选择性催化还原（sCR）烟气脱硝技术的机理、动力学模拟以及着重介绍了用于SCR过程中的各种催化剂的研究进展,最后分析了在SCR脱硝过程中的主要影响因素。并展望了今后脱硝过程中的方向,是进一步探讨各种催化剂的催化机理,从而研究更为合适的催化剂。