添加原水改善SBR工艺处理猪场废水厌氧消化液性能

采用序批式反应器(SBR)工艺直接处理猪场废水厌氧消化液,处理系统的效率较低,COD去除率仅有10%左右,NH₄⁺-N去除率70%左右;处理出水水质较差,出水COD高于1 000mg/L,出水NH₄⁺-N在200mg/L左右;处理系统的工作不稳定,效能逐渐恶化.在猪场废水厌氧消化液中添加部分未经厌氧消化的猪场废水(原水),处理系统的处理效率明显提高,COD去除率高于80%,出水COD降到250～350mg/L;NH₄⁺-N去除率高于99%,出水NH₄⁺-N小于10mg/L;处理系统的稳定性也得到增强.添加原水后,猪场废水厌氧消化液的BOD₅/COD比值从0.19上升到0.54,BOD₅/TN比值从0.28上升到2.04,增加了微生物生长和反硝化所需的碳源,强化了反硝化作用,不仅提高了总氮去除效率,而且通过回补碱度,维持了处理系统的pH值稳定.     

DC反应器处理中药废水过程中出水的光谱分析

采用三维荧光(EEM)与傅立叶红外(FTIR)光谱技术,对不同运行条件下,新型双循环(DC)厌氧反应器处理中药废水的出水情况进行了分析,以期为厌氧反应器的有效监控提供新思路.结果表明,在HRT为24h时,COD去除率为94%左右,平均产气率达到0.37m3CH4/kgCOD,出水的EEM光谱中,Ex/Em=420/470nm处出现了明显的辅酶F420吸收峰;而HRT减少为12h后,虽然COD去除率仍达到90%左右,但出水EEM光谱中,辅酶F420的吸收峰有所降低,并出现了类富里酸的吸收峰,表明不宜再继续减少HRT.当温度由30oC降低为20oC时,温度的变化影响了厌氧污泥的性状,使得出水的FTIR光谱中3400cm-1处的吸收峰由原来的钝峰变为尖峰.而在进水中添加大黄酸后,造成了反应器内有机酸的累积,产甲烷菌活性受到严重影响,出水的EEM光谱中,腐殖酸与类富里酸的吸收峰显著增强.     

2-CSTRs两相厌氧消化系统在不同乙醇回收率下的联合产能

以2-CSTRs(连续流搅拌釜式反应器)两相厌氧消化系统的能量转化率为主要研究对象,以氢气、乙醇及甲烷为目标产物,在不同有机负荷下,通过控制反应参数使产氢相反应器内部环境呈现乙醇型发酵状态,并将产氢相出水经回收乙醇后作为产甲烷相反应基质,研究在不同乙醇回收率下2-CSTRs两相厌氧消化系统产能效率.结果表明:当乙醇回收率在0~50%范围内时,系统产能率、能量转化率及基质降解率随乙醇回收率的增加而增加.当乙醇回收率控制在50%时系统可获得最佳运行结果,与未回收乙醇时相比,系统的日产能率平均高约32.63%,能量转化率平均高约17.53%,基质降解率平均高约12.85%.     

The combined effects of biomass and temperature on maximum specific ammonia oxidation rate in domestic wastewater treatment

• Actual SAORs was determined using MLVSS and temperature. • Measured SAOR decreased with increasing MLVSS 1.1‒8.7 g/L. • Temperature coefficient (θ) decreased with increasing MLVSS. • Nitrification process was dynamically simulated based on laboratory-scale SBR tests. • A modified model was successfully validated in pilot-scale SBR systems. Measurement and predicted variations of ammonia oxidation rate (AOR) are critical for the optimization of biological nitrogen removal, however, it is difficult to predict accurate AOR based on current models. In this study, a modified model was developed to predict AOR based on laboratory-scale tests and verified through pilot-scale tests. In biological nitrogen removal reactors, the specific ammonia oxidation rate (SAOR) was affected by both mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) concentration and temperature. When MLVSS increased 1.6, 4.2, and 7.1-fold (1.3‒8.9 g/L, at 20°C), the measured SAOR decreased by 21%, 49%, and 56%, respectively. Thereby, the estimated SAOR was suggested to modify when MLVSS changed through a power equation fitting. In addition, temperature coefficient (θ) was modified based on MLVSS concentration. These results suggested that the prediction of variations ammonia oxidation rate in real wastewater treatment system could be more accurate when considering the effect of MLVSS variations on SAOR.     

分阶段接菌对中药残渣堆肥腐熟度及微生物多样性的影响

堆肥通常用于处理有机固体废弃物,可通过接种木质纤维素降解功能菌群提高堆肥进程及产品品质.然而,堆肥过程中传统的功能菌群一次性添加方式,不仅造成了堆肥过程中较低的堆肥效率,而且堆肥产品品质也并不稳定.为了探究基于不同接种方法对堆肥过程腐熟度和品质的影响,设置M0（不接菌）、M1（分阶段接菌）及M2（一次性接菌）3个好氧堆肥处理,考察各处理堆肥过程中理化性质变化、木质纤维素降解及微生物群落多样性.结果表明:M1处理下,堆肥至第20天,堆体温度达到51.2℃且拥有最高的嗜热温度（67.8℃）;堆肥至第67天,发芽指数达到83.61%.此外,M1处理下腐殖质增长率、总有机碳降解率、纤维素降解率和木质素降解率均最高,分别为50.20%、53.86%、59.87%和40.61%,远高于其他2个处理.变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）分析显示,在嗜热期,真菌种群对于木质纤维素生物降解的作用比细菌种群更加突出,并且受到总磷含量、pH、碱解氮含量和碳氮比的显著影响.研究显示,分阶段接菌可以显著提高堆体温度及堆体中木质纤维素降解酶活性,促进堆体腐熟进程及堆肥产品中腐殖质等养分积累.      

汉江水华水文因素作用机理--基于藻类生长动力学的研究

在相关文献的基础上总结影响汉江水华的水文因素包括流量、流速和水面比降,根据河流动力学理论,讨论了它们之间的内在联系。在此基础上,从生物生长动力学的角度,将连续流反应器原理应用于汉江水华现象,提出了汉江连续流生物反应器模型,并根据Monod方程分析,认为汉江中的藻类浓度与水流速度应成指数关系。由此,建立了汉江藻类浓度与水流速度关系数学模型a = m exp(k/ν)。利用汉江1992年至2000年实测资料,通过回归分析进一步确定了汉江的藻类浓度与水流速度函数关系中的常数m=8.9759、k=0.9054,相关系数r=0.924 4。最后,对流速、流量和长江水位对汉江水华的作用机理进行了分析,揭示了水文因素影响汉江水华的作用机理。     

厌氧折流板反应器在制药废水处理中的研究

将厌氧折流板反应器控制在酸化水解阶段处理高浓度乙酰螺旋酶素制药废水,经过长时间的运行表明：该反应器结构简单,启动时间短,有效地提高了废水中挥发酸的浓度,缩小了pH值的变化范围,稳定了水质,改善了废水的可生化性．确保了甲烷发酵阶段的长期稳定运行。     

Biological removal of selenate in saline wastewater by activated sludge under alternating anoxic/oxic conditions

Removal of selenate in saline wastewater by activated sludge was examined. Sequencing batch reactor was operated under alternating anoxic/oxic conditions. Above 97% removal of soluble selenium (Se) was achieved continuously. Major Se removal mechanism varied depending on the length of aeration period. Various Se-reducing bacteria likely contributed to coordinately to Se removal. Selenium (Se)-containing industrial wastewater is often coupled with notable salinity. However, limited studies have examined biological treatment of Se-containing wastewater under high salinity conditions. In this study, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) inoculated with activated sludge was applied to treat selenate in synthetic saline wastewater (3% w/v NaCl) supplemented with lactate as the carbon source. Start-up of the SBR was performed with addition of 1–5 mM of selenate under oxygen-limiting conditions, which succeeded in removing more than 99% of the soluble Se. Then, the treatment of 1 mM Se with cycle duration of 3 days was carried out under alternating anoxic/oxic conditions by adding aeration period after oxygen-limiting period. Although the SBR maintained soluble Se removal of above 97%, considerable amount of solid Se remained in the effluent as suspended solids and total Se removal fluctuated between about 40 and 80%. Surprisingly, the mass balance calculation found a considerable decrease of Se accumulated in the SBR when the aeration period was prolonged to 7 h, indicating very efficient Se biovolatilization. Furthermore, microbial community analysis suggested that various Se-reducing bacteria coordinately contributed to the removal of Se in the SBR and main contributors varied depending on the operational conditions. This study will offer implications for practical biological treatment of selenium in saline wastewater.     

活性碳纤维电极-生物膜反应器对废水的强化脱氮性能

利用自制的活性碳纤维电极-生物膜反应器对低碳氮比(碳元素与氮元素的质量比)废水进行了脱氮实验.实验结果表明:当进水COD和碳氮比较低时,碳氮比和电流密度均对反应器的脱氮性能有很大影响;当碳氮比小于3.0时,出水的ρ(NO3--N)随进水碳氮比的增大而减小;当进水COD为70 mg/L,ρ( NO3--N)为35 mg/L、碳氮比为2.0、电流密度为0.025 mA/cm2、反应时间为8h时,出水的ρ(NO3--N)达到最低值11.2 mg/L,NO3--N去除率为68.0％.在适宜的碳氮比条件下,电极-生物膜反应器具有显著的强化脱氮作用,其对NO3--N的去除率与单纯生物膜反应器相比可提高6.0～15.0个百分点.保持碳氮比不变,提高进水COD会导致所需电流密度的提高和脱氮能力的下降.     

接触氧化污水处理技术的研究现状与展望

本文简述了污水处理中生物接触氧化技术的工艺特点及其发展历史，综述了国内外研究及应用现状，为进一步开展该技术的研究和新工艺的开发提供参考。接触氧化技术将是未来我国水处理的主要发展方向之一，文中展望了该技术的一些发展方向。