Combustion features under different center of heat release of a diesel engine using dimethyl carbonate/diesel blend

Experiments were performed in a single cylinder common-rail diesel engine that adopts a low temperature premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) mode. Combustion features of dimethyl carbonate (DMC)-diesel blends under various centers of heat release (COHRs) were revealed in details. With retarding of COHR, all the peaks of pressure and pressure rise rate and bulk gas temperature are postponed and declined in sequence. Normally, the crank angle of peak pressure is quite close to the COHR, while the peak of bulk gas temperature appears about 7°CA after COHR as a rule. The prolongation can be demonstrated at every stage of combustion such as q₁₀ and q₉₀ with the COHR being put backward. In addition, the heat release of diesel is completely slower than that of D10 fuel at various stages. Unfortunately, retarding of COHR implies a declining thermal efficiency of engines as well as a higher cyclic variation in general. Nevertheless, D10 blend has higher thermal efficiency than diesel thanks to high oxygen content of DMC and low boiling point that prompts better fuel atomization and complete combustion. Meanwhile, the cyclical variation of D10 is greater than diesel fuel owing to the low heat value, high latent heat of vaporization, and poor flammability of DMC. As a total, a comprehensive understanding of PCCI combustion features under different COHRs can be conducive to conducting effective management of combustion process and manipulating the subsequent emission performance to a favorable level.     

山地空气钻机空气压缩系统节能技术改造初探

文章从分析国内外山地空气钻机现状出发,剖析了川庆钻探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司的能源、清洁生产现状,山地空气钻机空气压缩系统节能技术来源及其先进性、成熟性,主要技术内容和效果分析,技术改造所达到的效果等方面,探索了适合山地空气钻机空气压缩系统的节能技术改造,有利于实现清洁生产技术在物探队的推广。     

煤岩水力压裂过程中钻孔应变发展特征的试验研究

为研究水力压裂过程中钻孔应变发展的特征,在不同应力条件下开展了钻孔水力压裂试验,测试分析了钻孔压裂段孔壁变形的规律.结果表明:在水压作用下,压裂段孔壁应变较为明显,存在拉伸和压缩2种类型,根据与水压的对应关系,2种应变曲线可分为4个发展阶段,即压裂管路排气阶段(应变小幅波动)、水压上升阶段(应变快速增加)、起裂延伸阶段(应变缓慢变化)和闭合阶段(应变急剧降低),其中压裂管路排气阶段对压缩应变的影响较小;拉伸应变的残余变形明显大于压缩变形,但压缩应变曲线与水压变化存在较好的一致性;孔壁应变是孔壁在水压作用下裂缝形成和扩展过程的表现.     

蜂窝纸板动态压缩性能试验研究

首先介绍了缓冲材料的特性以及蜂窝纸板作为近些年来出现的一种新型缓冲材料的优越性,接着对缓冲材料动态压缩性能试验方法进行了阐述说明,最后通过一系列试验数据对蜂窝纸板的动态压缩性能进行了分析研究,重点研究了温湿度预处理对蜂窝纸板动态压缩性能的影响。     

化肥厂合成尾气加压吸氨的技术改造

本文介绍了济南化肥厂合成氨生产中合成工段的技术改造,论证了合成尾气加压吸氨技术的可行性和优越性。该技术实施后解决了氨及氮氧化物的污染问题,节约了电力及水资源,经济效益显著。     

Effect of mixing chamber venturi,injection timing,compression ratio and EGR on the performance of dual-fuel engine operated with HOME and CNG

Stringent environmental policies and the ever increasing demand for energy have triggered interest in novel combustion technologies that use alternative fuels as energy sources. Of these, pilot-ignited compressed natural gas (CNG) engines that employ small biodiesel pilot to ignite a premixed natural gas–air mixture have received considerable attention. This paper discusses the effect of mixing chamber venturi, injection timing, compression ratio and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the performance of dual-fuel engine operated on biodiesel derived from honge oil and is called honge oil methyl ester (HOME) and CNG. The proposed study mainly focuses on the manifold induction of CNG along with HOME injection. However, CNG can also be injected using port or direct gas injector (Lakshmanan and Nagarajan 2010, Energy 35, pp. 3172–3178). The future study will involve these methods of CNG injection. From this study, it is concluded that an advanced injection timing and an increased compression ratio resulted in increased brake thermal efficiency and reduced smoke, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions. However, nitrogen oxides (NO _x ) emission increased significantly. The increased NO _x emission was effectively reduced with EGR method. A mixing chamber venturi of 3 mm size, injection timing of 27° before top dead centre (BTDC), compression ratio of 17.5 and 10% EGR were found to be optimum for the modified compression ignition engine that was operated on CNG–HOME dual-fuel mode.     

酸性环境下Q2黄土压缩特性试验研究∗

针对酸性污染土物理力学性质恶化的现象,采用室内人工模拟受酸液污染土样的方法,开展土常规试验、压缩试验探究Q2黄土在酸液浸泡时间和酸液浓度双因素作用下,试样孔隙比、含水率等基本物理及压缩系数、压缩模量等指标和压缩e—p曲线的变化规律,以及水-酸耦合作用对黄土压缩性的影响规律。结果表明:浸泡时间一定时,随酸液浓度增大,含水率、孔隙比、压缩系数在逐渐增大,压缩模量在减小。浸泡12 d时,酸液浓度0.1 mol/L增加至3 mol/L,压缩系数a1-2由0.355 MPa-1增大到1.275 MPa-1,压缩模量Es1-2由5.580 MPa减小至1.855 MPa;酸液浓度一定时,随浸泡时间延长,含水率、孔隙比、压缩系数在逐渐增大,压缩模量在减小。酸液浓度3 mol/L时,浸泡时间从1 d至12 d,压缩系数a1-2由0.308 MPa-1增大到1.275 MPa-1,压缩模量Es1-2由6.301 MPa减小至1.855MPa;水-酸耦合作用提高了黄土压缩性,且在充分浸泡条件下,酸液对黄土压缩性的影响远大于水的影响。研究结果可为酸蚀黄土区工程建设提供相关参考。     

黄葛增压站的噪声综合治理

根据黄葛增压站周边环境状况、增压机噪声强度及频谱分析特性,结合吸音、隔音、扩容、变频、减震、阻尼等降噪原理和治理技术,提出了该站噪声最优化的治理方案。监测结果表明,黄葛增压站噪声治理后的厂界噪声达到了《工业企业厂界噪声标准》(GB12348-90)规定的三类标准要求,该治理方法切实可行。     

Na2SO4对古尔班通古特沙漠细沙盐结皮特性的影响

盐晶体胶结土壤颗粒形成的一层盐结皮层质地致密且强度较高,具有较高的抗风蚀能力,在土壤风蚀治理中具有重要作用.盐结皮特性与盐的种类及质量分数有关,为探究w（Na₂SO₄）对结皮特性的影响,选取古尔班通古特沙漠东南缘流动风沙土的主要颗粒（100~200 μm）,于70℃下在烘箱内进行13个w（Na₂SO₄）的12 h胶结试验,即风沙土中w（Na₂SO₄）为0.1%、0.2%、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%、3.0%、4.0%、5.0%、6.0%、7.0%、8.0%、10.0%、12.0%,分析w（Na₂SO₄）对风沙土盐结皮的表观、抗压强度及韧性特征3个抗风蚀能力指标的影响.结果表明:①随着w（Na₂SO₄）的增大,结皮表面颜色由红棕色变为浅红棕色再变为灰白色,表面盐晶越来越多.②w（Na₂SO₄）≤ 3.0%时结皮表面平整,4.0%~7.0%时结皮表面呈现起伏"波浪状",≥ 8.0%时结皮表层遭孔隙应力破坏并脱离土体.③w（Na₂SO₄）≤ 3.0%时,样品抗压强度随着w（Na₂SO₄）的增加呈线性上升;≥ 3.0%时受孔隙压力破坏的影响,结皮抗压强度随w（Na₂SO₄）的增加反而下降.④结皮的韧性与w（Na₂SO₄）存在密切关系,w（Na₂SO₄）≤ 3.0%时,韧性随w（Na₂SO₄）的增加而增大,≥ 3.0%时韧性随w（Na₂SO₄）的增加反而减小.沙漠中风沙土主要组成物质是细沙（100~200 μm）,且主要粒径沙土结皮特性与自然风沙土的结皮最相似.所以,若采用质量分数为3.0%的Na₂SO₄胶结风沙土形成盐结皮,具有较好的抗压强度和韧性,且表面平整无破坏,胶结体具有较好的抗风蚀性能,可用作流动沙地的治理.      

化学激发循环流化床粉煤灰的研究

利用扫描电镜、激光粒度分析、X-衍射分析等测试手段,对循环流化床粉煤灰的理化性质和微观结构进行分析。比较了5种激发剂对循环流化床粉煤灰的激发效果,结果表明Na2SiO3·9H2O的激发效果最好。