一种新型复合球填料在低浓度污再生回用中的应用研究

新型复合球填料为沸石与悬浮球填料的有机组合体，密度约为0．92～0．97g／cm^3，比表面积为711～1185m^2/m^2，表面粗糙，物化性能稳定。在曝气量为20：1，停留时间为6h时，装有新型复合球填料的反应柱挂膜容易，成膜时间短，膜不易脱落，且生物相丰富。膜成熟时对生活污水中的氨氮和COD都有很好的去除效果，出水氨氮浓度≤2mg／L，去除率≥93％；出水COD浓度≤22mg／L，去除率≥80％。新型复合球反应柱在稳定状态处理低浓度的二级出水时，出水氨氮浓度≤2mg／L，去除率89％，出水COD浓度为10～36mg／L，去除率为48％～81％。出水水质符合GB50335-2002标准。     

Preliminary Measurements of Turbulence and Environmental Parameters in a Sub-Tropical Estuary of Eastern Australia

In natural systems, mixing is driven by turbulence, but current knowledge is limited in estuarine zones where predictions of contaminant dispersion are often inaccurate. A series of detailed field studies was conducted in a small sub-tropical creek in eastern Australia. Hydrodynamic, physio-chemical and ecological measurements were conducted simultaneously to assess the complexity of the estuarine zone, notably the interactions between turbulence and environment. The measurements were typically performed at high frequency over a tidal cycle. The results provide an original data set to complement long-term monitoring and a basis for a more detailed study of mixing in sub-tropical systems. Unlike many long-term observations, velocity and water quality scalars were measured herein with sufficient spatial and temporal resolutions to determine quantities of interest in the study of turbulence, while ecological indicators were sampled systematically and simultaneously. In particular the results yielded contrasted outcomes, and the finding impacts on the selection process for key water quality indicators.     

Sex pheromone components of male <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tirathaba mundella</Emphasis> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Summary. During peak calling activity by male oil palm bunch moths, Tirathaba mundella Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), their hairpencils, wings or entire body were extracted in hexane. Gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of hair pencil extracts revealed four compounds that consistently elicited responses from female antennae. The NMR spectrum of isolated compound 1, and mass spectra and retention indices of compounds 1–4 suggested that they were (3S,6S)-2,2,6-trimethyl-6-vinyl-tetrahydro-pyran-3-ol (1), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde (2, vanillin), 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (3), and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanol (4). Comparative GC and GC-MS analyses of hair pencils extract and synthetic standards confirmed these structural assignments. Moreover, comparative chromatography of synthetic and hairpencil-isolated 1 on a Cyclodex-B column (which separated the four stereoisomers with baseline resolution) revealed that male T. mundella produce the SS-stereoisomer (SS-1). In field cage bioassay experiments in Palembang, Indonesia, synthetic SS-1 and vanillin in combination, but not singly, attracted female T. mundella. SS-1 plus vanillin were as effective as male T. mundella in attracting females. Compounds 3 and 4 did not enhance the blend's attractiveness. Received October 11 2002; accepted March 14, 2003. R1D=" Correspondence to: Gerhard Gries, email: gries@sfu.ca     

二硫代氨基甲酸盐型除油剂的性能研究

分别用二乙胺、乙二胺、三乙烯四胺与CS2 反应 ,合成了三种二硫代氨基甲酸盐 ,试验了其除油性能 .结果表明 ,三 ( 1 ,2 亚乙基 )四氨基四 (二硫代甲酸钠 )对含有一定量Fe2 + 的油田污水有较好的除油效果 .每升污水中加入 1 0mg除油剂 ,就能在1 5min内将污水中的油含量降至 1 0mg·l- 1.通过改变二硫代氨基甲酸盐的浓度、污水中Fe2 + 的浓度、搅拌速度、氨基的结构 ,发现多官能团的二硫代氨基甲酸盐 ,在较低的搅拌速度下 ,除油效果较好 .     

近40年来海南省三大河下游水体的含沙量特征及影响因素

利用海南省水文局提供的1960—2000年水文资料,对近40年来海南省三大河下游水体的含沙量特征及影响因素进行了分析。结果表明,南渡江、昌化江和万泉河下游水体4—11月份的含沙量一般都较大,而1、2、3、12月份的含沙量都很小,夏秋两季的含沙量明显高于冬春两季,这也跟三大河下游地区的不同月份和季节性平均降雨量分布规律基本相一致,说明降雨在一定程度上决定着三大河流域的土壤侵蚀状况。从年平均含沙量来看,昌化江的含沙量整体明显高于南渡江和万泉河,这可能是昌化江流域原始森林的破坏引起水土流失等自然灾害向下游输送泥沙的结果。     

Steady Shallow-Water Current and Solute Transport around a Semi-Conical Headland

Laboratory experiments have been carried out to investigate the effects of a sloping wall headland on the flow characteristics and the associated concentration distributions from a point source around the headland. A semi-conical headland with a slope of 1:2 was set up in a flow basin, 4.8 m long and 3.8 m wide. In this paper, the experimental results of a steady shallow-water current are reported. Three dimensional flow velocities in the basin were measured using Sontek-ADV instrument. The dye concentration levels in the basin were measured by two fluorometers. The experimental results showed a large-scale re-circulation region behind the semi-conical headland. The peak turbulence energy, at about 53% of the local kinetic flow energy, coincides with the region of high velocity gradient. Significant vertical flows were observed around the area near the downhill slope of the headland, with a maximum ratio of vertical to horizontal velocities being about 22%. Such relatively significant vertical scouring velocities, coupled with strong turbulence energy and high horizontal velocity gradients in the same region, could cause severe bed erosion. The experimental results have also been compared with the predicted results of a depth-averaged numerical model. The predicted eddy structure and the concentration distribution in the re-circulation area were found to compare favourably with the experimental results. However, the discrepancies in the flow velocities and the concentration levels near the headland were apparent. It was observed that the dye concentration continued to spread in the cross-stream direction after passing the headland, whereas only a limited extent of the lateral spreading was predicted by the numerical model further downstream of the headland.     

转bar及NIa基因白菜的田间生物学及经济性状调查

对转入除草剂抗性基因bar及来自病毒TuMV的／VIa基因的不结球白菜纯合株系二代进行了田问生物学性状调查,结果表明，转基因白菜的植物学性状与其未转基因对照材料相比，无明显差别；但在涉及其生存竞争力的一些生物学性状，如发芽势、花粉活力、种子库存力等方面，比对照材料弱，其经济性状也比对照稍差．获得的转基因性状——除草剂抗性，能稳定遗传，并在田间很好表达；NIa基因介导的TuMV抗性在露地开放栽培条件下，不能很好表达，转基因株染病较重．对产生以上现象的原因进行了分析讨论．图3表5参16     

有机物生物降解极限浓度的探讨

讨论了有关有机物生物降解极限浓度（Smin)的定义，介绍了热力学测定方法、动力学测定方法和扩散测定方法等3种测定极限浓度的方法。正确测定有机物生物降解极限浓度对开发微量有机物生物高度净化新技术，寻求提高现有生物处理技术净化效果的途径，污染环境的修复等都具有极其重要的意义。     

无公害菜田土壤环境评价系统的建立和应用

根据京郊菜田的分布和土壤养分、土壤环境质量特点选择了监测点，按照各个指标对土壤质量的影响程度确定评价指标及其权重，并据此建立了无公害菜田土壤环境评价系统。系统采用分层体系结构，在目前基于J2EE架构开发Web应用的基础上，采用J2EE中的JSP，Servlet，JavaBean以及JDBC技术来构建该平台的基础组件框架，结合MVC结构的方式来构建Web应用系统，有效地提高了应用程序的可重用性、可维护性和可扩展性。根据过去3年的监测结果对于系统进行了初步应用，对各个监测点的菜田土壤环境质量进行了评价，表明该评价系统对菜田环境质量管理具有很好的指导意义。     

上海郊区旱作农田氮素流失研究

通过测坑和大田小区试验,研究了上海郊区旱作农田氮素降雨径流和降雨渗漏流失的特征、相关因素和流失负荷。结果表明:平水年重质土麦地总氮流失负荷为18. 38 kg·hm-2,其中降雨径流总氮流失负荷为4. 4kg·hm-2,渗漏为13. 98kg·hm-2;菜地总氮流失量为55. 65kg·hm-2,其中降雨径流总氮流失负荷为21. 6kg·hm-2,渗漏为34. 05kg·hm-2;旱田氮素流失以硝态氮为主,占总氮90%左右。施用有机肥可较大幅度地减少旱田的氮素渗漏流失。