聚丙烯工业废水排放的治理措施

在利用间歇式液相本体法工艺生产聚丙烯时,易产生大量废水,包括闪蒸水环真空泵排放水、聚合釜轴封冷却水排放水、聚合升温用热水罐溢流水等。应最大限度地减少废水的排放量。已经采取的废水减排措施包括:对于真空泵逐渐调小供水量(即减少了排放量);将轴封冷却水收回重复利用;维持热水罐的水位稳定,避免产生溢流。采取上述措施在满足生产要求的同时,最大限度地减少了废水排放量。     

Biosynthesis of poly-(R)-3-hydroxyalkanoate: An emulsion polymerization

Poly-(R)-3-hydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are bacterial storage polyesters, which are accumulated by a wide variety of microorganisms as a reserve of carbon and energy. Currently, these biopolymers are receiving much attention because of their potential application as biodegradable and biocompatible plastics. The polymer appears as submicron intracellular granules. The biosynthesis of these granules has been studied extensively but many observations remain inexplicable. This paper draws an analogy between the process of emulsion polymerization and that of granule formation. This analogy may explain many of the unknown features of granule formation and may also lead to useful applications of granules as latex products.     

白腐菌漆酶催化聚合造纸废水中木素的研究

为了证实漆酶对从造纸厂二沉池出水提取出的木素的催化聚合作用,研究了白腐菌采绒革盖菌Coriolus versicolor漆酶对木素聚合的影响。在有氧条件下,通过添加漆酶和少量ABTS介体到水样中,用紫外分光光度计测定了其中木素浓度变化,利用凝胶色谱法分析了酶催化聚合木素前后的分子量的变化。结果表明:酶处理6h以后,废水中木素浓度从93.1mg/L下降到17.2mg/L。酶处理2h以后,从造纸厂污水分离的木素的分子量从31251上升到58610。造纸废水中木素及其衍生物被聚合后通过絮凝沉淀除去,从而实现废水色度与COD降低,进而为造纸废水回用提供可能。     

油气回收技术研究

对不同的油气回收技术进行了分析比较。分析了冷凝法、吸收法、吸附法、膜分离法对油气回收的优缺点。及回收效果影响因素。认为油气回收装置的应用将为石化企业带来明显的社会、环境效益及经济效益。     

一种船舶自修复防腐涂料的制备与表征

以脲醛树脂为囊壁、复合环氧树脂为囊芯,采用原位聚合法成功合成了脲醛树脂包覆环氧树脂体系微胶囊。采用扫描电子显微镜观察微胶囊的表面形貌,测量微胶囊的壁厚;利用红外光谱分析判定微胶囊壁材是否形成,芯材是否被完整包覆。结果表明,应用一步原位聚合法可以制备包覆完整、均匀分散、含有特殊芯材的微胶囊。合成的微胶囊形状基本呈球形,粒径分布均匀,平均粒径约为100μm;胶囊表面粗糙致密,粗糙表面主要是由纳米微胶囊沉积而成。微胶囊表面粗糙度的增加有利于增加微胶囊与基体的接触面积,改善微胶囊与基体的界面粘结力,从而提高自修复材料的修复效率。     

好氧颗粒污泥的影响因素及其形成机理探讨

结合国内外的研究成果,对好氧颗粒污泥的影响因素及形成机理进行了探讨,认为接种污泥、进水基质和有机负荷、运行方式、水力剪切力、沉淀时间等对好氧颗粒污泥的培养具有重大影响,是好氧颗粒污泥形成的主要影响因素;并提出了好氧颗粒污泥形成机理的"凝结核猜想",认为好氧颗粒污泥的最终形成分为出现凝结核、形成胚胎颗粒污泥及形成好氧颗粒污泥三个阶级。     

Biochemical and histopathological ultrastructural changes caused by ZnO nanoparticles in mice

Five week-old mice were divided into a vehicle control group, and groups exposed to ZnO nanoparticles at low (0.5 g/kg), middle (1 g/kg), high (3 g/kg), and exceptionally high-dose (5 g/kg). After the first, second, third, and fourth weeks’ of exposure, blood biochemistry, histopathology, and electron microscopic ultrastructural changes in liver, kidney and spleen were investigated. Increased alkaline phosphatase activities were observed in all treated mice being statistically significant at higher dose. No changes were observed in the serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and lipid levels. During the first and second weeks of the treatment, effects on the cytoarchitecture of liver, kidney, and spleen were not perceived while during the third and fouth weeks of treatment sporadic mild effects were seen. Ultrastructural electron microscopic changes in liver, kidney, and spleen were not observed for the low-dose group on the first, second, third, and fourth weeks, suggesting that exposure to ZnO nanoparticles at low dose is safe. Long-term (i.e., more than 28 days) exposure to the exceptionally high-dose resulted in sporadic changes in nuclear chromatin condensation, irregular nuclear membrane, polymorphic mitochondria, mitochondrial swelling, and vacuolation. ZnO nanoparticles could be well tolerated and no death occurred in any group of treated mice.     

A preliminary study on measurements of black carbon in the atmosphere of northwest Qilian Shan

Black carbon (BC) concentration and meteorological data are measured discontinuously from May 2009 to March 2011, at the Qilian Shan Station of Glaciology and Ecologic Environment (hereafter “QSSGEE”), located near the terminal of the Laohugou No.12 Glacier in northwestern Qilian Shan, China.We measured the daily, monthly and seasonal variations of BC concentration in the atmosphere and discussed the possible emission sources. Black carbon background concentration in this region varied in the range of 18-72 ng/m³ with the highest in summer and the lowest in autumn. The relations between BC concentration and surface wind direction indicated that BC concentration was higher when northwest wind prevails while lower when southeast wind prevails. Air masses backward trajectories showed the potential emission sources in the northwest. Significant positive correlations between daily mean BC concentration and relative humidity indicated that BC might be one of important cloud condensation nuclei. This hypothesis needs to be confirmed further through cloud microphysical features in this region.     

水溶液中4-氯酚在光照下的矿化和聚合化

在光照条件下,４－氯酚溶液浓度随着光照时间的延长而降低,ＣＯ２的释放表明在４－氯酚光化学反应过程中存在矿化作用,通过光子相关光谱表征,确定反应体系存在聚合作用,聚合物具有荧光性。对反应体系进行ＵＶ、ＩＲ光谱表征,表明这一过程中存在腐殖化作用,有类腐殖质生成,聚合化与矿化相比较,前者是主要过程。