环境与人口、经济和科技发展的协同探析

本文从环境与人口、经济和科技之间的相依关系出发，探讨了诸因素相互关联的内在协同机理，简析了IPAT模型的建构与应用。嗣后，利用IPAT模型解析了中国近15年来人口、经济和科技发展对环境影响的贡献差异；指出经济规模的迅速扩展和落后技术支持下的传统生产方式是加剧环境恶化的元凶，且技术转型期的负面影响也是不可忽视的重要因素；进而提出了中国未来环境与人口、经济和科技协同演化的对策措施。     

Surface Consolidation of Pentelic Marble: Criteria for the selection of methods and materials - The Acropolis case (6 pp)

Goal and Scope In order to realize surface consolidation of Pentelic marble on the Acropolis monuments, we have collected the criteria that have to be fulfilled by the methods and materials without side effects on the marbles (and other stones). When the existing methods and materials did not satisfy the requirements (criteria), we invented new ones.Methods The criteria were collected from the literature, by thermodynamic and kinetic viewpoints, by laboratory experiments and in situ observations on monuments, both in Greece and in several countries in which the various methods and materials were applied. Concerning our method of ‘Inversion of sulfation’, performed by spraying a K2CO3 solution, its concentration and its temperature were controlled in order to have a total inversion (certified by liquid crystals) of gypsum back to CaCO3. For the new material of ours, ‘Reinforced Lime’, in order to eliminate the disadvantages of plain lime (low carbonation rate, low mechanical properties of CaCO3 formed, lack of carbonation in the bulk of lime), measurements of the rate of carbonation were performed in plain lime and in lime with a different CaCO3 concentration beforehand as well as in a different CO2 environments, using DTG and XRD to measure the rate of carbonation. The detachment (kg/cm2) of marble specimens stuck by lime in each case was also measured. A microscope was also used to measure the dimensions of the grain in each case as well as ammonium citrate and thymolphthalein to certify the depth of carbonation in each case. Part of the work was communicated in an international congress.Results A table with the criteria of the selection of the methods and materials for the consolidation of Pentelic marble surfaces (and other stones) was established. None of the employed methods and materials fulfilled the criteria. Only the ‘Inversion of gypsum ‘ and the ‘Reinforced Lime’ were adopted and applied to the Acropolis monuments and to other monuments in Greece and in several other countries.Recommendation and Outlook All criteria must be used for the selection of methods and materials for the consolidation of the monument surfaces. This is why we have already studied with the same procedures, methods and materials for restoration, surface cleaning and protection.     

废弃印制线路板中的环氧树脂回收处置技术

对废印制线路板中的环氧树脂的成分及性质进行了分析，并对几种环氧树脂回收的处置方法进行了介绍和比较，提出了环氧树脂回收处置技术选择的建议。     

我国10万t／d以下城市污水处理工艺

我国城市污水处理厂的规模绝大多数在10万t／d以下（含10万t／d），由于10万t／d以下的城市污水处理的工艺繁多，且各有利弊，选择何种工艺对城市污水进行处理，是建设项目的业主、设计单位和主管政府部门较难解决但又必须解决的问题。本文从城市污水处理厂的处理工艺入手，根据国家的城市污水处理及污染防治技术政策，对10万t／d以下城市污水处理工艺进行排序和优选，并给出城市污水处理厂建设及运营的主要技术经济指标，供城市污水处理厂建设的相关方参考。     

采用网络共享的Excel技术编制环境监测分析报告

简述了环境监测部门在编制环境监测分析报告时遇到的问题，介绍采用网络共享的Excel技术来编制环境监测分析报告的方法，并与传统报告编制方法进行了比较，体现出运用现代技术的优越性，同时分析了该方法编制报告时易产生的问题，提出了解决办法。     

石煤渣生产工业窑炉保温材料的工艺研究

以石煤渣为主要原料研制的工业窑炉保温材料，具有较高的耐压强度和较低的导热率。分析研究了保温材料在烧成工艺过程中的物理化学变化，同时通过试验确定了干燥和烧成过程的工艺参数，为石煤渣治理和综合利用开辟了一种新的途径。     

三峡库区垃圾污染现状及治理技术

如何搞好三峡库区的生态环境保护已成为全世界关注的课题，介绍了库区生活垃圾污染现状，并根据库区生活垃圾的特性及当地的经济发展和自然条件，对三峡库区生活垃圾的综合治理进行了系统研究，建议三峡库区垃圾实行分类收集，系统地将城区生活垃圾的管理、收集、运输和处理等各个环节有机结合起来，逐步建立起高效完善的现代化城市生活垃圾管理体系。重点介绍了准好氧垃圾卫生填埋技术和CBS（Cental Bilolgical System）城市生活垃圾高效菌种堆肥技术，秭归、巴东等烧煤区生活垃圾含无机物成分较高，建议选用准好氧填埋技术；涪陵、开县、忠县等燃气区生活垃圾有机物成分较高，已具备一定的资源化价值，高效菌种CBS堆肥技术在燃气区具有广阔的前景。     

外部性视角下的节水灌溉技术补偿标准核算——基于选择实验法

合理的补偿标准是节水灌溉技术补偿政策的核心,也是促进农户技术采用的关键内容。论文以石羊河下游民勤县为例,通过选择实验调研和RPL（Random Parameters Logit）模型估计,量化了节水灌溉技术采用的外部效益,并结合特定技术与农户谈判能力讨论了兼顾公平与效率的补偿标准。结果表明：民勤县城乡居民均希望实施节水灌溉技术来改善生态环境,技术采用的外部效益约为1 052.25元/hm²;以膜下滴灌技术为例,合理的补偿标准应在789.15元/hm²左右。从现行政策看,过低的补贴标准难以保障农户切身利益,导致政策响应不足。据此建议,完善成本收益核算体系,将技术采用的外部效益纳入补偿标准的核算中,提升补偿政策的公平性,同时也要根据技术类型及其采用面积进行精准化补偿,保障资金有效利用。     

纳米二氧化钛光催化技术与大气污染治理

简要介绍了纳米二氧化钛（TiO₂）光催化技术的发展历史和反应原理.重点讨论了纳米TiO₂光催化技术在大气污染物催化转化方面的研究进展与前沿问题,分析发现该技术对一些典型大气有机污染物、氮氧化物、硫化物以及二氧化碳等有较高的去除效率（去除率多在80%~99%之间）.总结了纳米TiO₂光催化技术在大气污染治理中的应用状况,结果表明在空气净化、机动车尾气净化、化石燃料脱硫以及温室效应控制等方面已初步进入实用阶段.