赤潮监测技术的现状与发展

赤潮监测是对赤潮进行研究和实施管理控制的重要环节,通过监测获取重要信息,为赤潮研究提供重要资料,也是赤潮预测、预报和减灾的依据。本文介绍了中国赤潮监测技术的三个发展阶段,赤潮监测技术方法及其两个发展方向。目前我国赤潮监测技术基础比较薄弱,今后利用遥感等先进技术、完善赤潮应急监测系统,将大大加强赤潮监测力度,急时跟踪赤潮发生状况。     

Monitoring the Environment: Taking a Historical Perspective

This paper introduces the five papers that follow, all of which were originally presented at a workshop titled Monitoring the Environment: Scales, Methods, and Systems in Historical Perspective. The workshop, sponsored by the Society for the History of Technology and the American Society for Environmental History, examined past efforts to develop tools, methods, and systems for measuring or monitoring some aspect of the physical environment. Four of the papers included here focus on various aspects of air quality monitoring; the fifth has to do with monitoring the earth from space. Despite differences in time period and approach, each article examines how specific tools and methods – and the motivations for developing those tools and methods – evolved. Among other things, these papers make clear that systems for monitoring various aspects of the physical environment are shaped by a variety of stakeholders and suggest that efforts to construct such systems should not be viewed as a purely technical task.     

Carrots and sticks for new technology: Abating greenhouse gas emissions in a heterogeneous and uncertain world

Many governments use technology incentives as an important component of their greenhouse gas abatement strategies. These carrots are intended to encourage the initial diffusion of new, greenhouse-gas-emissions-reducing technologies, in contrast to carbon taxes and emissions trading which provide a stick designed to reduce emissions by increasing the price of high-emitting technologies for all users. Technology incentives appear attractive, but their record in practice is mixed and economic theory suggests that in the absence of market failures, they are inefficient compared to taxes and trading. This study uses an agent-based model of technology diffusion and exploratory modeling, a new technique for decision-making under conditions of extreme uncertainty, to examine the conditions under which technology incentives should be a key building block of robust climate change policies. We find that a combined strategy of carbon taxes and technology incentives, as opposed to carbon taxes alone, is the best approach to greenhouse gas emissions reductions if the social benefits of early adoption sufficiently exceed the private benefits. Such social benefits can occur when economic actors have a wide variety of cost/performance preferences for new technologies and either new technologies have increasing returns to scale or potential adopters can reduce their uncertainty about the performance of new technologies by querying the experience of other adopters. We find that if decision-makers hold even modest expectations that such social benefits are significant or that the impacts of climate change will turn out to be serious then technology incentive programs may be a promising hedge against the threat of climate change.     

构造人工湿地技术及其应用

通过介绍构造人工湿地对特征污染物即悬浮物、有机物、氮、磷、细茵以及重金属的去除研究，阐述了污染物去除的基本特征和作用机理，并在植物的选择、设计参数、动力学研究三方面就构造湿地设计进行了探讨与分析，对未来的研究工作作了展望。     

圆筒件拉深极限理论及计算机辅助工艺设计

此文从实际变形条件下变形区的应力、应变分析以及传力区的实际强度入手,从理论上建立了筒形件拉深失效的判定原则,并编制出了实用的计算机工艺设计程序。     

探索多媒体和网络技术在秘书写作教学中的运用

运用多媒体和网络技术进行秘书写作教学,其教改优势体现在以下几方面:教学手段新颖,加大了教学密度;优化了讲、写、评、阅等教学环节,师生对话得到进一步加强;使考试、评价、反馈系统的操作变得方便快捷,同时也有利于提高学生使用电脑综合处理文字的能力。     

3S技术在灾害监测预测中的应用及展望

本文分析了现代灾害的特点及3S技术的发展,总结了国内外利用3S技术在灾害监测预警中应用的现状,探讨了未来3S技术在这一领域应用的趋势及重点研究问题.     

基于JSP技术的机务段安全管理信息系统的设计

根据铁路提速带来的安全问题,笔者结合机务段安全管理,采用先进的JSP技术,设计了基于B/S(浏览器/服务器)模式的机务段安全管理信息系统。该系统运用计算机及网络技术,实现了安全管理信息资源的合理运转和共享,建立了一个安全信息管理、安全生产监督、事故预防的信息平台,为管理决策提供决策服务,同时辅助企业管理的科学化、现代化,提高了机务段经济效益和社会效益。介绍了课题的背景、系统结构与功能、JSP技术特点,然后具体说明了应用JSP技术实现系统的设计思路和方法,重点给出了系统的三级体系结构,数据库的设计与连接,系统的软件实现以及所达到的效果     

环境工艺方法论研究--仿自然法

仿自然法是现代科学和技术发展中非常重要的方法,也是研究新的环境工程工艺的重要途径,其核心思想是“师造化”。本文通过对环境仿自然法的成果及其理论进行论述,揭示了仿自然法丰富的哲学内涵,指出其符合“天人和一、道法自然”的伟大哲学思想。     

川西北气矿中坝须二气田水处理方法

介绍了川西北气矿中坝气田须二气藏水质情况,论述了气田水四种处理方法的特点和适用性。为了维持生产和减少环境污染,在该气藏中引入了预处理装置,对气田水进行处理后再进行异层回注。介绍了该工艺的流程,处理后气田水中SS和石油类含量分别为15mg/L和5.3mg/L,达到了设计要求。对处理成本及四种地层水处理方案的经济效益进行了对比,分析了该技术的经济可行性,并根据其应用情况提出了建议,供生产决策部门参考。