天然沸石和方解石复合覆盖技术抑制底泥磷释放的影响因素研究

提出了天然沸石和方解石复合覆盖控制底泥氮磷释放的新技术,并对该技术抑制底泥磷释放的能力及影响因素进行了研究.结果表明,天然沸石和方解石复合覆盖层不仅可以有效抑制底泥氨氮释放,也可以有效抑制磷的释放.复合覆盖层抑制底泥磷释放的效率受天然沸石投加量、方解石投加量、天然沸石粒径、沸石与方解石组合方式等因素的影响.随天然沸石和方解石投加量的增加,复合覆盖层抑制底泥磷释放的效率明显提高;随天然沸石粒径的减小,复合覆盖层抑制底泥磷释放的效果略微增强.沸石和方解石的组合方式对复合覆盖层抑制底泥磷释放的规律为：先覆盖沸石后覆盖方解石对底泥磷释放的抑制效果明显强于先覆盖方解石再覆盖沸石条件下的情况,与沸石方解石混合均匀覆盖情况相比,先覆盖沸石后覆盖方解石对底泥磷释放的效果也略有提高.     

赤泥在控制沉积物磷释放中的应用研究

利用烧结法赤泥中富含Ca、Fe等金属元素的氧化物而具有吸附性的特点,通过室内模拟研究赤泥投加对沉积物中各种磷形态含量及分布比例的影响,进而探讨利用赤泥控制沉积物中磷释放的可行性。对经过处理后的沉积物磷形态分析后表明,投加赤泥能促使沉积物中铁铝磷向钙磷转化（Pearson相关分析,r=-0.892,P<0.01,n=9）,且赤泥的强碱性使沉积物pH值逐渐升高。确定了赤泥最佳投加比例为5%,此时沉积物的pH为9.03,铁铝磷含量由初始的148 mg/kg降至107 mg/kg,占总磷比例也由18.1%降至13.4%,钙磷含量由486 mg/kg升至546 mg/kg,其占总磷比例则由60%增至68.7%,铁铝磷和钙磷之间的转化已基本完成,继续增加赤泥投加量对沉积物中磷形态间的相互转化影响甚微。由于铁铝磷较钙磷活性高而易释放,可见投加赤泥能降低沉积物中磷的释放风险。赤泥可以作为吸附材料被应用于沉积物磷污染控制技术中,为有效控制水体内源磷负荷提供一种新思路和廉价材料。     

锆改性高岭土原位改良技术控制重污染河道底泥磷释放效果

采用锆对高岭土进行改性,通过批量吸附实验考察了锆改性高岭土对水中磷酸盐的吸附性能,并通过底泥培养实验考察了锆改性高岭土原位改良技术对底泥磷释放的控制效果.结果表明,锆改性高岭土对水中磷酸盐的吸附能力随改性所用锆投加量的增加而增加.在制备锆改性高岭土过程中,溶液沉淀p H值由8增加到10时,锆改性高岭土对水中磷酸盐的吸附能力增加;沉淀p H值由10增加到11时,锆改性高岭土对磷的吸附能力基本不变;沉淀p H值由11增加到12时,锆改性高岭土的吸磷能力则下降.沉淀p H值为10时制备得到的锆改性高岭土对水中磷酸盐的吸附平衡数据可以采用Langmuir模型加以描述.大部分被锆改性高岭土中锆所吸附的磷酸盐(84%左右)主要以Na OH提取态磷(Na OH-P)和残渣态磷(Res-P)形态存在,低溶解氧情况下不容易被重新释放出来,同时重污染河道底泥会释放出大量的溶解性磷酸盐进入上覆水体;向重污染河道底泥中添加锆改性高岭土可以极大地削减底泥中磷向上覆水体迁移的通量.采用锆改性高岭土对底泥进行改良不仅增强了底泥对水中磷的吸附能力,而且降低了底泥的磷吸附-解吸平衡浓度(EPC0).因此,应用锆改性高岭土作为底泥改良剂可以有效控制重污染河道底泥磷释放.     

宜兴市横山水库底泥内源污染及释放特征

为弄清宜兴市横山水库底泥内源污染及释放特征,对水库典型断面进行采样分析.结果表明,横山水库表层沉积物中的总氮、总磷和有机质的平均含量分别为2778 mg·kg^-1、899 mg·kg^-1和3.1%,内源污染严重,且水库下游沉积物的污染程度高于水库上游.磷形态分析结果表明,铁结合态磷(Fe-P)和铝结合磷(Al-P)是沉积物中的主要结合态磷,分别占总磷的质量分数为28%和39%.底泥活性磷(弱吸附态磷、有机磷以及铁磷之和)平均含量为255 mg·kg^-1,占总磷的质量分数为38%.底泥氮磷平均释放速率分别为18.0 mg·(m²·d)^-1和0.60 mg·(m²·d)^-1.相关性分析结果表明,沉积物有机质含量与磷酸根、氨氮、二价铁的扩散释放通量相关性显著(P <0.05),说明沉积物中有机质的矿化可能是底泥氮磷释放的主要影响因素.     

水深和扰动对北运河沉积物释放的模拟研究

结合汛期河道水位上涨现状,以河流沉积物为研究对象,通过实验室水槽模拟河道的方式,分别在静置和扰动两种工况下,探索汛期降雨导致河道水位上涨对河道沉积物中污染物释放的影响.研究结果表明,在静置条件下,水深正向影响沉积物中CODc,的释放通量(R2= 0.945),负向影响NH3-N释放通量(R2= 0.967).在扰动条件...     

A new methodology to estimate the gas ascending time from underwater gas releases

Accidental subsea gas releases can pose a threat to people, equipment, and facilities since gas can be toxic or flammable at the concentrations in which the leak occurs. The accurate prediction of the behavior of the gas plume formed in the leaks can be fundamental to the development of techniques of accident prevention or, in some cases, remediation measures, avoiding the emergence of more serious consequences. Among the different ways to analyze the behavior of gas plumes formed underwater, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool stands out for allowing the study of plume behavior to be done in a safer, simpler, and less expensive way, if compared to experimental studies. Inspired by the accidental release of the subsea gas scenario, this work validated a CFD setup of a 2D two-phase air–water flow using the VOF method in Ansys Fluent. The use of the VOF method differs this work from other works that use a hybrid Eulerian–Lagrangian methodology to model such types of flow. In this validation, simulations with a 9 m base tank, and 7 m water depth, and 0.050, 0.100, and 0.450 m${}^3$/s gas flow were performed. The simulated data were compared to experimental results available in literature. After the validation of the setup, a study was carried out varying the size of the leak to 0.24 and 0.17 m, and the gas flow from 0.006 to 0.150 m${}^3$/s aiming to verify how some plume characteristics are affected by the changes. Finally, following the directions from literature for analyzing the ascending gas behavior, and combining it with a dimensional analysis of the data, we proposed a mathematical model for calculating the gas ascending time using only properties of the gas leak. With future modifications of the proposed methodology, we hope that soon it will be possible to simulate gas releases under more realistic conditions. Even so, the findings of this work are already a significant step forward in the study of underwater gas releases.     

Initial carbon release characteristics, mechanisms and denitrification performance of a novel slow release carbon source

External carbon source addition is one of the effective methods for the treatment of wastewater with low carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N). Compared with fast-release liquid carbon sources, slow-release solid carbon sources are more suitable for the denitrification process. A novel slow-release solid carbon source (corncob-polyvinyl alcohol sodium alginate- poly-caprolactone, i.e. CPSP) was prepared using corn cob (CC) and poly-caprolactone with polyvinyl alcohol sodium alginate as hybrid scaffold. The physical properties and carbon release characteristics of CPSP and three other carbon sources were compared. CPSP had stable framework and good carbon release performance, which followed the second order release equation. The formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid released from CPSP accounted for 8.27% ± 1.66 %, 56.48% ± 3.71 %, 18.46% ± 2.69% and 16.79% ± 3.02% of the total released acids respectively. The start-up period of CPSP was shorter than that of the other carbon sources in denitrification experiment, and no COD pollution was observed in the start-up phase (25–72 h) and stable phase (73–240 hr). The composition and structure of the dissolved organic compounds released by CPSP and other carbon sources were analyzed by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, which indicated that CPSP was more suitable for denitrification than the other studied carbon sources.

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