活性炭吸附有机蒸气过程中的初始浓度测定

以PTA生产尾气为实验体系，讨论了在活性炭对有机气体动态吸附过程中，有机气体初始浓度的三种测定方法，即气相色谱法、吸附称量法和气体方程计算法。结果得出，吸附称量法误差最小，其次是气体方程计算法，误差最大的是气相色谱法。     

现代统计信息分析技术在安全工程方面的应用——常用统计量的矩阵表示

介绍了常用统计量矩阵的基础知识,以及日常统计工作中常用的参数进行矩阵化的方法。     

铁氧体对活性污泥法处理生活污水的强化作用

为了提高活性污泥法处理生活污水的效率,采用铁氧体与生物法相结合方式处理生活污水。在生物反应器中投加磁化后的铁氧体粉末,在一定条件下驯化活性污泥。通过试验,得出了铁氧体的最佳投加量为375 mg/L。同普通活性污泥法相比,投加了375 mg/L铁氧体粉末的活性污泥对生活污水中COD和NH3-N的去除率分别提高了4.7%和26.5%;在各自的最佳运行条件下,投加铁氧体后反应器的水力停留时间缩短1 h。     

A comparison of numerical solutions of partial differential equations with probabilistic and possibilistic parameters for the quantification of uncertainty in subsurface solute transport

Traditionally, uncertainty in parameters are represented as probabilistic distributions and incorporated into groundwater flow and contaminant transport models. With the advent of newer uncertainty theories, it is now understood that stochastic methods cannot properly represent non random uncertainties. In the groundwater flow and contaminant transport equations, uncertainty in some parameters may be random, whereas those of others may be non random. The objective of this paper is to develop a fuzzy-stochastic partial differential equation (FSPDE) model to simulate conditions where both random and non random uncertainties are involved in groundwater flow and solute transport. Three potential solution techniques namely, (a) transforming a probability distribution to a possibility distribution (Method I) then a FSPDE becomes a fuzzy partial differential equation (FPDE), (b) transforming a possibility distribution to a probability distribution (Method II) and then a FSPDE becomes a stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE), and (c) the combination of Monte Carlo methods and FPDE solution techniques (Method III) are proposed and compared. The effects of these three methods on the predictive results are investigated by using two case studies. The results show that the predictions obtained from Method II is a specific case of that got from Method I. When an exact probabilistic result is needed, Method II is suggested. As the loss or gain of information during a probability–possibility (or vice versa) transformation cannot be quantified, their influences on the predictive results is not known. Thus, Method III should probably be preferred for risk assessments.     

Structural equation-based latent growth curve modeling of watershed attribute-regulated stream sensitivity to reduced acidic deposition

Little information is available about the effects of watershed attributes on long-term stream chemical responses to reduced acidic deposition. Long-term chemical data (1980-2006) for 21 stream sites from the Appalachian Mountain region and data of 8 watershed attributes of the corresponding watersheds were analyzed to study such effects. Latent growth curve modeling (LGM), a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach, was conducted to quantify stream sensitivity to reduced acidic deposition in the region, and to model the initial chemical conditions (intercepts) and changing rates (slopes) in three time periods: 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s. The modeled chemical trends were generally consistent with those trends which were detected by trend analyses in a previous study. Watershed attributes including area, mean elevation, percentage of developed land, percentage of grassland, percentages of shale and sandstone, percentage of barren land, and percentage of soil type Gilpin-Upshur-Vandalia (GUV) were found to affect stream sensitivity to the reduced acidic deposition with their importance in the respective order. The stream sensitivity in turn regulated streams’ chemical initial conditions and their changing rates in the studied watersheds. This innovative application of LGM for modeling long-term chemical trends advanced our understanding of the role of watershed attributes in regulating streams’ responses to reduced acidic deposition. This approach can be applied for evaluating streams’ responses to acidic deposition in other regions and, more broadly, for studying causal effects on long-term behaviors in other ecological and environmental science subjects.     

蛋白核小球藻与邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的相互作用研究

本文运用评价化学品对藻类毒的标准方法，得出邻苯二甲酸二甲酯对蛋白核小球藻的９６ｈ ＥＣ５０为３１３ｍｇ／ｌ。实验结果表明，蛋白核小球藻对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯有明显的富集与降解作用，富集量２４ｈ最大达１５．３６ｍｇ／ｇ，此后随时间的延长而逐步降低。５ｄ降解率为６６．８％。在对实验结果分析的基础上，提出了蛋白核小球藻对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的二级降解反应动力学方程为－ｄｃ／ｄｔ＝ＫＮｒ，用此方程计算邻苯二甲酸二     

用矿化度估算离子强度

预测结垢趋势是污水回注中的一项重要工作,通常都要计算离子强度,而离子强度的计算量很大,因此提出了一种替代的估算方法———矿化度法。由于矿化度的测定较为容易,计算简便,建立矿化度和离子强度之间的一元线性关系,使计算得以大大简化。通过中原油田的实例详细说明了一元线性关系的建立方法及判定是否适用的标准,并提出：不同水质情况应分别建立各自的一元线性回归方程。     

海波体系中还原铁粉置换还原银的两相反应动力学研究

针对海波定影液体系中还原铁粉置换还原银,并生成致密产物层的液、固两相反应,建立了更一般情形的动力学方程,并给出其精确解。方程中Piling因子非限定,且定影液银浓度和还原铁粉几何面积随时间变化。应用此动力学方程处理液、固两相反应,比以往研究中的动力学方程更加准确、合理。该方程在原则上也适用于气、固两相反应。