Cu2+存在下腐殖酸对磺胺嘧啶吸附解吸的影响

为探究重金属与抗生素共存时不同条件下土壤有机组分对抗生素吸附解吸的影响,通过批量静态吸附试验方法,研究了不同污染物浓度、初始pH、离子强度及阳离子类型下腐殖酸对磺胺嘧啶（sulfadiazine）和重金属Cu共存时吸附解吸行为及其交互作用,并做了显著性差异分析;采用Freundlich、Langmuir等温吸附模型和线性等温吸附模型对试验数据进行拟合,对吸附前后的样品进行红外光谱扫描分析.结果表明:①不同w（Cu2+）对腐殖酸吸附磺胺嘧啶的状况不同,当w（Cu2+）为1、10、100 mg/kg时,Cu2+的存在起促进吸附的作用;当w（Cu2+）为300 mg/kg时,Cu2+的存在起抑制吸附的作用;随着初始pH的增大,吸附量变化不明显,但略有减小;高离子强度促进吸附,低离子强度抑制吸附;高价态阳离子的存在抑制腐殖酸对磺胺嘧啶的吸附.②显著性差异分析显示,P均小于0.05,说明w（Cu2+）、pH、离子强度及阳离子类型对吸附量均有显著影响.③运用Freundlich、Langmuir等温吸附模型和线性等温吸附模型对不同条件下的吸附特征进行拟合,其拟合效果均较好,R2均大于0.952,其中线性等温吸附模型拟合效果最好;HI（滞后系数）在0.995~1.120之间,接近于1,表明腐殖酸对磺胺嘧啶的吸附解吸过程中不存在滞后现象.△G（吉布斯自由能变化量）在18.921~20.412 kJ/mol之间,均小于40 kJ/mol,属于物理吸附.④红外光谱分析表明,腐殖酸对磺胺嘧啶的吸附机制主要是形成氢键或发生络合反应.研究显示,不同条件下腐殖酸对磺胺嘧啶吸附解吸的影响不同,w（Cu2+）、初始pH、离子强度及阳离子类型的改变,均会导致腐殖酸对磺胺嘧啶的吸附情况有所差异.      

重金属絮凝剂对水中Cu2+和腐殖酸的去除性能

采用聚丙烯酰胺、甲醛、氢氧化钠、巯基乙酸为原料,制备出重金属絮凝剂巯基乙酰化羟甲基聚丙烯酰胺（MAMPAM）,以含Cu²⁺、含腐殖酸（HA）水样为考察对象,研究MAMPAM对单一和混合体系中Cu²⁺、HA的去除性能.结果表明,MAMPAM对单一体系中Cu²⁺和HA均具有一定的去除效果,且Cu²⁺的去除率随着水样初始pH值的增大而升高;pH值为6.0时,Cu²⁺的最高去除率为95.92%,HA的最高去除率为66.98%.MAMPAM处理混合水样时,Cu²⁺和HA的共存会相互促进彼此的去除,具有协同作用;共存的HA对MAMPAM除Cu²⁺性能的促进作用随着水样中HA浓度或pH值的升高而增强,共存的Cu²⁺对MAMPAM除HA性能的促进作用随着水样中HA浓度的升高而增强.     

电气设备用铜材在含硫化氢环境下的腐蚀寿命预测

目的电气设备铜材因遭受含硫化氢环境腐蚀的影响,致使其性能下降,并给电气设备的安全运行埋下安全隐患。为保证电气设备在现场服役环境中的安全可靠性,需对铜材在该环境中的寿命进行预测。方法利用失重法研究电气设备用铜材在现场环境和室内外硫化氢加速环境下的腐蚀动力学规律,通过灰色关联度分析方法探讨两种环境条件下的关联性,并建立铜材在现场服役环境中的寿命预测模型。结果在现场和室内硫化氢环境下,铜材腐蚀动力规律遵循幂函数定律;两种环境的灰色关联系数为0.72,相关性良好;铜材的腐蚀寿命模型为T_(现场)=0.74T_(加速)~(2.16)。结论利用室内硫化氢加速腐蚀试验可以对电气设备用铜材在现场环境中的腐蚀状态和腐蚀寿命进行预测。     

氯化铵盐粒导致的铜初期大气腐蚀行为研究

目的研究在氯化铵存在条件下,铜的大气腐蚀行为。方法采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、滴定法和电化学等方法来确定铜的大气腐蚀过程和腐蚀产物。结果随着暴露时间的延长,铜的腐蚀质量损失变大,平均腐蚀速率变小。在氯化铵存在条件下,铜表面生成了Cu_2O、Cu_2(OH)_3Cl和Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3,其中Cu_2O为主要腐蚀产物,其质量占腐蚀产物总质量的97%以上。结论氯化铵的存在会对铜造成很强的腐蚀,随着暴露时间的延长,铜的腐蚀变得严重,但是暴露后期腐蚀速率将会减缓。     

The combined use of electrokinetic remediation and phytoremediation to decontaminate metal-polluted soils: a laboratory-scale feasibility study

The use of a combination of electrokinetic remediation and phytoremediation to decontaminate two metal-polluted soils has been demonstrated in laboratory-scale reactors. One soil was heavily contaminated with copper, the other with cadmium and arsenic (2500 g g^-1 Cu; 300-400 g g^-1 Cd and 230 g g^-1 As, respectively). Test reactors with twoseparated chambers, each with a capacity of 5.25 kg soil, wereconstructed, then the respective chambers were filled with eithera mixture of the polluted soil and a control topsoil (75:25) ortopsoil alone. Reactors were sown with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv Elka) and a constant voltage of 30 V was applied continually across the soils in each reactor. Soil sampling took place at the start and the end of the test run, whilst plant foliage was sampled after approximately 3 weeks (both reactors) 6 weeks (Cd soil reactor only) and at the conclusion of each test run (98 days Cu soil, 80 days Cd soil). Soil and plant metal concentrations were measured, together withsoil pH. Results showed that in both soils there was a significant re-distribution of metals from anode to cathode in the test reactors, coupled with an enhancement of plant Cu uptakein the cathode region for the Cu soil. Patterns of plant Cd uptake were less clear cut and were not as clearly related to theredistribution of Cd measured in the soil. There was significant acidification of soil at the anode in each test reactor, but soilpH in other parts of the reactor changed little during the courseof the experiment. Plant growth was affected at the anode, but was not affected in other parts of the reactor. There was no visual evidence of metal toxicity in the ryegrass in either polluted soil. Some effects on soil fungi were apparent, with a stimulation of Fusarium infection of ryegrass in the cathode region of all reactors and the appearance of sporophoresof Coprinus in the same location. It is concluded that the combination of the two techniques represents a very promising approach to the decontamination of metal polluted soils that nowrequires validation in field conditions.     

铜矿酸性废水氧化钙中和处理装置的改造

介绍了用氧化钙二次中和沉淀法处理铜矿酸性废水的工艺流程、主要设备和处理效果。针对矿山不断开采带来的废水水质变化和处理装置存在的新问题 ,对工艺路线、斜板沉淀池、石灰消和机等进行了改造。改造后的运行结果表明 ,出水水质达到GB8978— 1996二级排放标准 ,节约运行费用 15万元 /a ,沉淀池大修期从 4a延长到 6a ,减少石灰用量 8% ,增加废水处理量 1.5× 10 5m3 /a。     

AQUATIC TRANSPORT OF HEAVY METALS IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT1

ABSTRACT: A study has been conducted for the past two years on a 4.6 mile stretch of the Saddle River near Lodi, New Jersey. The primary objectives of this study were two fold; initially, the amounts of various heavy metals being contributed to the Saddle River by stormwater runoff, rainfall, and individual tributaries, etc., were investigated to better delineate the distribution of various sources of heavy metals to the aquatic environment. Secondly, a series of benthal deposits from the Saddle River were analyzed to determine the fate of these metals once introduced into the receiving stream. A mass balance analysis of heavy metals in the Saddle River was performed to determine the amount of these materials contributed from unrecorded sources. The results of this study seemed to demonstrate the importance of considering the potential scouring of river sediments as a secondary source of metals in determinations of this type. The distribution of metals in precipitation samples collected in this study was found to be similar to that in runoff, with lead and zinc predominating. Relative concentrations of metals in precipitation as compared to those of stormwater were relatively insignificant. Metal concentrations of bottom sediments were found to vary considerably from sample to sample.     

铜对缘管浒苔生理状态的影响

测定了不同条件下Ｃｕ对缘管浒苔可溶性蛋白质含量、膜脂质过氧化水平和藻细胞相对离子外渗率的影响。结果表明，一定浓度的铜离子对海藻具有毒害作用，相应地会引起其可溶性蛋白质含量降低，脂质过氧化水平升高和相对离子外渗率增大。实验结果还证实了ＥＤＴＡ对铜离子毒性的抑制作用和８－羟基喹啉对铜离子毒性的增强作用。     

小麦根际环境中铜和铅形态的变化

采用根垫法研究了小麦根际土壤中铜和铅形态的变化,研究结果表明：根际土壤中交换态铜的含量显著增加,０－５ｍｍ范围内交换态铜增加１１０％,碳酸盐结合态铜含量则有所下降,这样的根际影响随着距离根系距离的加大而减弱,铜形态变化主要发生在０－２ｍｍ范围内,铅的形态测没有发生这样的变化。     

福建省上杭紫金山矿田铜金银矿床类型及对比

紫金山大型铜（金）矿床是我国大陆发现的首例高硫浅成低温热液型（石英—明矾石型）矿床。随着勘探工作的深入，在该矿床深部及边部相继发现了斑岩型铜（钼）矿、中低温热液型铜金矿和低硫浅成低温热液型（绢云母—冰长石型）银、金、铜矿。各类型矿床间的浅成热液系统连续过渡，这在世界上是具代表性的矿例。不仅具有重要的找矿意义；而且在陆相火山成矿方面有重要理论意义。