流式细胞术在铜对藻类生态毒理研究中的应用

用流式细胞术研究了铜对铜绿微囊藻的毒性作用 ,结果表明 ,一定浓度的铜对藻类的生长具有抑制作用 ,而且这种抑制作用随着铜浓度的增加而增加 ,96h的EC50 为 82 86μg·l- 1 ,当铜浓度为 1 0 1 2 5 μg·l- 1 时 ,藻细胞的生长几乎完全受到抑制 .流式细胞仪检测结果可以说明铜对藻类群体作用的过程 ,即铜并不是同时对所有的藻细胞产生抑制作用 .低浓度时只是对部分细胞产生抑制 ,随着铜浓度的升高 ,受到抑制的细胞也越多 ,当达到最高浓度时 ,几乎所有细胞的生长都受到抑制 .     

双硫腙－醋酸丁酯萃取石墨炉原子吸收法测定海水中痕量铜、铅和镉

用双硫腙－醋酸丁酯萃取石墨炉原子吸收法测定海水中痕量Ｃｕ,Ｐｂ,Ｃｄ。试验选定了测定条件,结果表明,在弱碱性介质中,能同时定量萃取Ｃｕ,Ｐｂ,Ｃｄ。方法的相对标准偏差〈３％。加标回收率９２％－１０２％,检出限分别为Ｃｕ０．０６,Ｐｂ０．１４,Ｃｄ０．００２。本法操作简便,快速,已应用于海水中Ｃｕ,Ｐｂ,Ｃｄ的分析,取得令人满意的结果。     

反相流动注射法连续测定工业废水中的铜和镍

采用反相流动注射光度分析技术,以能形成颜色相近产物的化学反应为基础,建立了工业废水中Ｎｉ和Ｃｕ的连续测定方法和装置。测定频率６０样／ｈ,Ｎｉ和Ｃｕ的最低检出浓度分别为０．０３μｇ／ｍｌ和０．０４μｇ／ｍｌ。     

用一级动力学微分方程研究流动法中红壤吸附铜动力学

本文主要运用一级动力学微分方程研究流动法中红壤吸附铜的动力学特征。实验结果表明,反应过程总速率受扩散作用的限制。在低吸附量区域里总速率由外表面扩散速率决定;在高吸附量区域里总速率由内表面扩散速率决定。在恒定温度和pH值后,红壤吸附铜的理论饱和吸附量x_∞几乎不受流速、浓度的影响,基本为一定值;相反实测饱和吸附量x_∞受流速及浓度的影响。理论x_∞>实测x_∞。     

高浓度Cu-COD废水处理方法研究

采用化学凝聚-生物流化床法对含Cu1700—3800mg/L和COD3900—5400mg/L的Cu-COD)废水进行处理试验研究。着重研究了生物流化床挂膜驯化条件和废水停留时间、容积负荷,气水比及化学凝聚条件等与去除COD和Cu的关系。试验结果表明,采用凝聚-生物流化床组合工艺并在控制适宜条件下,处理高浓度Cu-COD废水是有效的,处理后排放水中铜浓度可达0.20—0.82mg/L,COD可达150—180mg/L,铜总去除率可达99.97％,COD总去除率可达95％—96％。     

Determination of Cadmium and Copper in Fish Samples from Sir And Menzelet Dam Lake Kahramanmaraş, Turkey

The cadmium and copper levels were determined in the total of 126 fish samples which belongs to five fish species collected from Sır and Menzelet Dam Lakes in Kahramanmaraş Province by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The concentrations of heavy metals were expressed as ppm wet weight of tissue. The mean levels of cadmium and copper in muscle, liver and gill tissues of Cyprinus carpiofrom the Menzelet Dam were found as 0.27, 0.91, 1.49 and 0.94, 1.2, 1.05, respectively. The mean levels of Cd in the muscle tissues of Leuciscus cephalusfrom the Menzelet Dam were found 0.32 ppm, Cd wasn't found in tissues of liver and gill. The mean levels of Cu in the muscle, liver and gill tissues were found as 3.17 ppm, 1.19 ppm, 0.96 ppm, respectively. The mean levels of the Cd and Cu in muscle and gill tissues of Acanthobrama marmid from the Sır Dam were found as 1.28, 2.64 and 0.72, 0.08, respectively. The levels of the Cd and Cu in muscle tissues of Cyprinus carpiofrom the Sır Dam were found 0.87 and 0.02 ppm, respectively. The mean levels of the Cd and Cu in the muscle and gill tissues of Chondrostoma regium from the Sır Dam were found to be 0.80, 2.62 and 0.67, 1.34 ppm, respectively. The mean levels of the Cd in the muscle tissues of the Silurus glanis was found as 0.60 ppm. In the muscle of the Silurus glanis from the Sır Dam, Cu was not found. The Sır Dam is more polluted than the Menzelet Dam from the point of Cd but less polluted than the Menzelet Dam From the point of Cu. A relationship was determined between species and their habitating region in terms of the levels reflected metal residues. In this study it was emphasized that the amounts of Cd and Cu in the samples were low, however, seas, lakes, rivers, soil, air and consumed foods etc. has to be controlled routinely.     

Metal Concentrations in Fish Species from the Northeast Mediterranean Sea

Samples of Mugil cephalus and Mullus barbatus were collected in the Northeast Mediterranean coast of Turkey the contents of cadmium, copper, iron, zinc and lead in the liver, gill and muscle tissues were determined by atomic absorption flame spectrophotometry.Except for lead, highest levels of each metal were found in the liver and this was followed by the gill and muscle in both species. Among the metals analyzed, Cu, Zn and Fe were the most abundant in the different tissues while Cd and Pb were the least abundant both in M. cephalus and M. barbatus. Seasonal changes in metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Zn) concentration were observed in the tissues of both species, but these seasonal variations may not influence consumption advisories. In general, the highest concentrations were detected for all metals in summer.     

Influences of excessive Cu on photosynthesis and growth in ectomycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris seedlings

Growth and photosynthesis responses were measured for Scots pine( Pinus sylvestris L. cv. ) inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi ( Suillus bovinus ) under 6.5 and 25 mg/L Cu treatments to evaluate ectomycorrhizal seedlings‘ tolerance to heavy metal stress. Results showed that excessive Cu can significantly impair the growth and photosynthesis of pine seedlings, but such impairment is much smaller to the ectomycorrhizal seedlings. Under 25mg/L Cu treatment, the dry weight of ectomycorrhizal seedlings is 25% lower than the control in contrary to 53% of the non-mycorrhizal seedlings, and the fresh weight of ectomycorrhizal roots was significantly higher than those of non-mycorrhizal roots, about 25% and 42% higher at 6.5 and 25 mg/L Cu treatments respectively. Furthermore,ectomycorrhizal fungi induced remarkable difference in the growth rate and pigment content of seedlings under excessive Cu stress. At 2.5 mg/L Cu, the contents of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b were 30% higher in ectomycorrhizal plants than those in non-mycorrhizal plants. O2 evolution and electron transport of PSI and PSII were restrained by elevated Cu stress. However, no significant improvement was observed in reducing the physiological restraining in ectomycorrhizal seedlings over the non-mycorrhizal ones.     

利用稳定同位素示踪技术研究大型溞（Daphnia magna）对水环境中溶解性铜的吸收

由于缺乏合适的放射性同位素,生物对Cu的吸收以及Cu在生物体内的迁移转化等动力学研究一直较为匮乏.论文以大型溞(Daphniamagna)为受试生物,以稳定同位素65Cu作为示踪剂,研究了不同Cu浓度下,大型溞对水相中Cu的吸收.结果表明,在低浓度下,大型溞的吸收随着水相中Cu浓度的增加而增加.随着水相中Cu浓度的升高,大型溞的吸收逐渐趋于饱和.水相吸收速率和Cu的暴露浓度符合米氏方程(Michaelis-Menten Function),最大吸收速率Imax为14.6μg·g-1·h-1,米氏常数Km为3.2μg·L-1,平均水相吸收速率常数ku为1.23L·g-1·h-1.     

饲料中铜暴露对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼血红细胞微核和组织中铜蓄积的影响

为了研究饲料中铜暴露对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的毒性作用,将1 080条罗非鱼幼鱼暴露于6个浓度梯度的高铜日粮中,通过60 d的暴露试验,测定罗非鱼血红细胞微核变化和组织中铜的蓄积.结果表明,铜在各组织中积累量的顺序依次为:肝脏＞脾脏＞肠道＞鳃＞肌肉,与对照组相比,其中肝脏、脾脏、肠道中铜的含量随着时间和日粮中铜浓度的升高而逐渐升高,而鳃和肌肉中铜含量无显著差异;罗非鱼幼鱼血红细胞微核率、核异常率、总核异常率与日粮中铜的浓度存在一定的剂量—效应关系,并且核异常率高于微核率.