Inverse calculation approaches for source determination in hazardous chemical releases

Source determination is vital in decision making and emergency planning involving hazardous chemical releases. This work was concentrated on inverse calculation approaches for source determination as well as current trends and future perspectives. In this paper, these different approaches are reviewed by dividing them into two categories: probability modeling methods and optimization modeling methods. The traits of these approaches are comparatively analyzed. Then it is shown how these approaches behave when applied to practical cases, and their feasibility, applicability, stability, and limitation in determining the location and strength are presented. It is argued that when experimenting with potential terrorist attacks involving hazardous chemical releases, observation points should be around the main line of the downwind direction when the source is known; while the uniform distribution of observation points is an efficient solution for unknown incidents. Probability modeling methods are demonstrated to be insufficient during emergency responses due to their lacking of enough prior information of unknown parameters, while optimization modeling methods are efficient and become a new trend in source determination. Findings reflect an urgent need for the development of high-accuracy detectors and further research of data transmission techniques in order to ensure the validity of these approaches.     

中国生活源固体垃圾产生和处理及其N2O排放

核算和评估固体垃圾产生和处理及其N₂O排放具有重要的现实和指导意义.本研究以中国为例（2008—2017年）,建立了固体垃圾产生、处理和N₂O排放核算框架.结果表明,10年间中国固体垃圾产生量上升了34.6%,年均6.13亿t,生活垃圾（48.6%）和工业日用品垃圾（24.6%）是主要贡献源;处理格局仍以填埋为主（占53.0%）,焚烧为辅（25.5%）;堆弃（42.5%）和焚烧（31.2%）是固体垃圾处理中N₂O气体的主要排放源,堆肥占21.9%,填埋处理排放最少（4.4%）;固体垃圾处理产生的渗滤液逐年增加,渗滤液排放的N₂O占固体垃圾处理N₂O排放总量的41.7%,生活垃圾产生的渗滤液是其主要排放源.加大垃圾分类处理和资源化利用力度,加强农村生活垃圾处理处置能力、减少垃圾堆弃量及提高垃圾处理技术对固体垃圾的产生及其N₂O排放减排至关重要.     

有证标准样品的应用及其管理方法探讨

介绍了有证标准样品的定义和主要作用,详细阐述了有证标准样品在检测实验室的7个主要应用领域、正确使用指南和科学管理方法,以保证检测实验室检测结果的准确和量值溯源性。     

构建校园体育文化环境教育体系之研究

从教育学的角度把体育文化环境分成七个重要组成部分:体育社会环境、体育生活环境、信息环境、比赛环境、体育教学环境、绿色体育环境与法制体育环境等。提出“高校体育文化环境”,并论述了体育文化环境的组成、特点、作用、在育人方面重要的价值,结合新时期大学生的特点提出建设校园体育文化的重要性及基本要求,强调体育文化环境重要意义,建议在认识到重视体育文化环境对高校及大学生的重要影响的同时,逐步营造出适合于大学生的个性发展、全面发展的真正的体育文化环境。     

焦化废水处理技术的发展

焦化废水主要来自焦化厂和煤气厂，污染物组成复杂，含有挥发酚、许多难以生物降解的芳香族有机物、多环化合物和氧硫氮等杂环化合物，属较难生化降解的高浓度有机工业废水。因此焦化废水的处理难度大，已引起国内外人士的关注，一直是国内外废水处理领域的一大难题。文章阐述了焦化废水的处理技术发展及其近年来发展的新技术。     

建立我国战略环境评价理论与方法体系

战略环境评价是环境影响评价在战略层次上的应用，是具体落实可持续发展战略的重要工具。在分析其现实意义的基础上，提出我国战略环境评价理论与方法体系的主要研究内容，就建立我国战略环境评价理论与方法提出建议。     

石窟文物病害成因分析及其对策研究

本文在概述石窟寺主要病害的基础上，结合典型灾例，从气象气候因素、地震活动、水文特征、环境工程地质条件、石窟寺结构和龛内文物自身的特殊性以及人类社会行为因素等６个方面详细分析了石窟文物病害形成的内部作用因素和外部环境条件，强调了综合减灾的重要性，并提出了相应的减灾对策。本文旨在为石窟寺的科学保护和文物修复工作提供理论基础和实践依据     

Using single- and multi-target regression trees and ensembles to model a compound index of vegetation condition

An important consideration in conservation and biodiversity planning is an appreciation of the condition or integrity of ecosystems. In this study, we have applied various machine learning methods to the problem of predicting the condition or quality of the remnant indigenous vegetation across an extensive area of south-eastern Australia—the state of Victoria. The field data were obtained using the ‘habitat hectares’ approach. This rapid assessment technique produces multiple scores that describe the condition of various attributes of the vegetation at a given site. Multiple sites were assessed and subsequently circumscribed with GIS and remote-sensed data.     

产业安全文化建设途径探讨

对国际海运安全文化建设及其得失进行了全面阐述和深入剖析 ,据此提出了建设我国产业安全文化的宏观途径。指出强制性推行安全管理体系认证是安全文化建设的关键 ,宣传教育应贯穿安全文化建设的全过程 ,两者须同步进行。强调安全文化建设必须系统和有效 ,真正使人们普遍认同安全是一种生活方式而非额外负担     

经济战略研究与可持续发展的若干思考

本文分析了战略研究演化的轨迹,揭示了可持续发展的深刻内涵,指出了21世纪我国可持续发展面临的机遇。