The 1970 Bhola cyclone,nationalist politics,and the subsistence crisis contract in Bangladesh

The devastating Bhola cyclone in November 1970 is credited with having triggered the political events that led to the division of Pakistan and the creation of Bangladesh in 1971. A callous response to the disaster by the Pakistani regime resulted in a landslide electoral victory for Bengali nationalists, followed by a bitter and bloody civil war. Yet, despite its political momentousness, the Bhola cyclone has been the subject of little political analysis. This paper examines the events, arguing that its extraordinary political significance put disaster management on the nationalist agenda; the famine of 1974 confirmed its centrality, producing a social contract to protect the population against disasters and subsistence crises on which the country's acclaimed resilience to the effects of climate change rests. The Bhola cyclone also drew international attention to this neglected, little‐known region, and in general can be seen as foundational for the subsequent developmental achievements of Bangladesh.     

轴对称渐缩回转进口旋风器流场特性研究

将普通切向单进口旋风器改进为具有轴对称渐缩回转进口的旋风器，并采用5孔探针对其流场特性进行了试验研究，给出了其速度和静压分布并与普通切向单进口旋风器进行了对比。结果表明，采用轴对称渐缩回转进口增强了流场的轴对称性，有利于同时提高效率和降低阻力。     

絮凝－旋流分离工艺处理磷酸铵生产废水

磷酸生产废水经絮凝－旋流分离工艺处理后，再回用于生产过程，实现了磷酸生产废水的闭路循环，不仅回收了废水中的磷酸，还节约了大量工业用水。     

"艾利"台风异常路径与登陆地点分析

2004年18号台风“艾利”的移动路径在登陆前发生了两次左折，是一次十分罕见的异常路径。从大尺度环流、天气尺度特征分析发现，双台风作用使两个台风产生逆时针旋转效应，及由东西环副高联成的东西向高压坝的阻挡作用，台风西北侧我国江南一福建的偏东一东北气流的加强和沿海地形摩擦效应的综合效果是造成台风“艾利”异常路径的原因。“艾利”台风第二次左折向西南方向移动，沿着福建海岸线的移动阶段，利用沿海多部雷达的高时空分辨率的定位，准确及时地反映了台风西折的动向，为防台抗灾提供了重要的信息，从一定程度上弥补了第二次左折路径预报存在一定偏差的不足。分析还发现，“艾利”台风在第二次左折前后，多普勒雷达速度图象上出现了明显的风速极值区不对称特征，西北象限风速极值大于其它象限的不对称分布可能是导致并维持AERE台风向西南方向移动的重要原因。最后，利用沿海地区稠密的自动气象站探测到的风和气压资料，较好地验证了雷达定位的准确性，同时能够更精确地判定台风的登陆点。     

钠钙双碱法在中小型燃煤锅炉脱硫改造中的应用

介绍了钠钙双碱法脱硫除尘原理,并应用于某热源厂的锅炉烟气脱硫除尘改造工程。燃煤锅炉烟气先经陶瓷管旋风除尘器预除尘,然后在喷淋塔中经增湿降温钠碱溶液吸收SO2,吸收液用石灰乳将其再生后循环使用,最终产物以亚硫酸钙和石膏的形式析出。实践证明,钠钙双碱法具有操作简便、效率高且稳定等特点,是适应当前环境保护要求的实用型脱硫技术。     

汕头沿海热带气旋特征分析

通过分析1950～2009年汕头沿岸的热带气旋和1953～2009年汕头风暴潮增水资料,确定汕头地区的增水影响区,并对进入影响区的热带气旋频度、源地、路径、登陆点等要素进行了统计分析,重点分析了影响汕头增水的热带气旋的空间、时间分布特征。结果表明防御风暴潮灾害重点在7～9月,尤其是7月;热带气旋进入影响区以后的路径和登陆地点的不同引发汕头风暴潮增水强度不同,东南-西北行的路径引发增水次数最多,强度最强,西登型和正面登陆型热带气旋较其他登陆类型容易引发较强增水等。所得出的结论,对风暴潮预报具有指导意义,利于开展海洋防灾减灾工作。     

Cyclone disaster vulnerability and response experiences in coastal Bangladesh

For generations, cyclones and tidal surges have frequently devastated lives and property in coastal and island Bangladesh. This study explores vulnerability to cyclone hazards using first‐hand coping recollections from prior to, during and after these events. Qualitative field data suggest that, beyond extreme cyclone forces, localised vulnerability is defined in terms of response processes, infrastructure, socially uneven exposure, settlement development patterns, and livelihoods. Prior to cyclones, religious activities increase and people try to save food and valuable possessions. Those in dispersed settlements who fail to reach cyclone shelters take refuge in thatched‐roof houses and big‐branch trees. However, women and children are affected more despite the modification of traditional hierarchies during cyclone periods. Instinctive survival strategies and intra‐community cooperation improve coping post cyclone. This study recommends that disaster reduction programmes encourage cyclone mitigation while being aware of localised realities, endogenous risk analyses, and coping and adaptation of affected communities (as active survivors rather than helpless victims).     

The impact of Hurricane Rita on an academic institution: lessons learned

This paper examines the impact of Hurricane Rita on one of the many universities along the Gulf Coast of the United States: Lamar University in Beaumont, Texas. Hurricane Rita, which made landfall between Sabine Pass, Texas, and Johnson's Bayou, Louisiana, on 24 September 2005, is the fourth strongest Atlantic Ocean hurricane on record and the most intense tropical cyclone ever observed in the Gulf of Mexico. This paper assesses the tasks that confronted the administration, faculty, and students of Lamar University in the days and weeks after the event. It concludes that the one factor that will influence more than any other the degree of success after any disaster is whether all levels of the administrative command institutionalise, endorse, promote, and encourage the adopted recovery plan. The research seeks to share valuable insights on the vulnerabilities that academic institutions face during natural disasters and to highlight some of the many lessons learned.     

垃圾焚烧烟气高温净化反应产物的收尘技术

利用石灰作吸收剂在较高温度段净化垃圾焚烧烟气中所含的酸性气体,并及时进行收尘有利于焚烧炉的安全、经济运行。本实验在实验室规模的旋风分离器实验台上,对中、高温烟气工况下石灰净化HCl气体后的反应产物的分离效率以及反应产物的粒径变化规律进行了研究。试验结果表明:高温下石灰颗粒尤其是反应后的产物存在着团聚现象,并且产物团聚现象随烟气温度升高而加剧,进而显著地影响了分离效率,使450～760℃范围内的分离效率提高到94%以上。     

旋风除尘器环形空间气流运动的数值研究

运用计算流体力学软件FLUENT,对旋风除尘器内部流场进行了数值模拟,利用模拟结果对旋风除尘器入口不同位置气流在除尘器顶部的环形空间的轨迹进行了分析研究,探明了气流在环形空间的运动规律和基本特征,阐明了旋风除尘器顶部"尘环"形成的根本原因,指出了粉尘发生短路的原因和多发区域并在此基础上就除尘器的增效问题给出了改进方案.