东湖通道工程沙滩浴场围堰施工对水中胞外碱性磷酸酶动力学行为的影响

城镇化过程常伴随市政建设面积与强度的大幅度增加,但其与湖泊富营养化的关系尚未得到充分的研究。2014年3-5月在武汉东湖通道工程沙滩浴场围堰施工区与相关湖区（郭郑湖、汤菱湖、团湖）的19个位点分5次采集水样,分析了水中胞外碱性磷酸酶的动力学参数及其与溶解有机磷和溶解反应性磷比值的关系。结果表明,施工致使酶的最大反应速度与底物亲和力均显著降低,有机磷酶促再生为生物可利用性无机磷的周转时间明显延长。这一结果指示施工区磷营养的相对充足,施工干扰可能有效促进了沉积物磷向水柱的补给。     

造纸废水中有机氯化物的酶处理技术研究进展

目前用于造纸废水有机氯化物处理的酶包括：过氧化物酶、酪氨酸酶、酚氧化酶和木质素过氧化酶等,反应机理是,先通过酶反应形成游离基,然后游离基发生化学聚合反应生成高分子化合物沉淀,影响酶处理效率的主要因素包括污染物种类和浓度,酶的种类和浓度、ｐＨ、絮凝剂和吸附剂以及污染物之间的协同效应等。     

Investigation of biocatalytic potential of garbage enzyme and its influence on stabilization of industrial waste activated sludge

The decomposable waste thrown into the environment can be used to produce value added bio-product which in turn reduces the production of greenhouse gas. Garbage enzyme is one such value added product produced by fermentation of organic solid waste. In the present study enzyme activity and disinfectant potential of garbage enzyme was evaluated and its influence on reduction of total solids, suspended solids and pathogens in dairy waste activated sludge were studied. The result showed the garbage enzyme possesses protease, amylase and lipase activity and reduced 37.2% of total solids, 38.6% of suspended solids and 99% of pathogens in dairy waste activated sludge. This significant result may be helpful for researchers to compare the effectiveness of earth-friendly garbage enzyme treatment of industrial sludge with various physical and chemical pre-treatment methods to improve the biogas production from the sludge digestion unit.     

三子汤对水丝蚓铅污染的保护作用研究

为了研究三子汤对铅胁迫下水丝蚓抗氧化酶的保护作用,以探索中药抗重金属污染的特性,采用室内急性毒性的试验方法测定了不同质量浓度的铅离子对水丝蚓6 h、12h、24 h的半致死浓度分别为2. 50 mg/L、2. 00 mg/L、1. 25mg/L;测定了三子汤对水丝蚓的6 h、12 h、24 h半致死浓度分别为45 g/L、24. 75 g/L、22. 50 g/L。然后在反应体系中加入不同质量浓度的三子汤,测定不同质量浓度的三子汤对铅胁迫水丝蚓的SOD酶活性的影响,与未加入三子汤的铅胁迫水丝蚓的SOD酶活性进行检测。结果显示,铅胁迫的水丝蚓体内SOD酶活性为0. 087 U/g;加入1/4致死浓度三子汤的水丝蚓体内SOD酶的活性降低至0. 048 U/g;加入半致死浓度三子汤和1/8致死浓度三子汤的水丝蚓体内的SOD酶活性分别为0. 068 U/g和0. 058 U/g;对照组水丝蚓体内的SOD酶活力为0. 047 U/g。研究表明,1/4致死浓度的三子汤对铅胁迫的水丝蚓有明显的保护作用。     

Irpex lacteus dft-1漆酶在反胶束中的催化性能研究

对酶工程而言,在反应体系中保持较高的酶的活性和稳定性是取得较高酶催化效率的关键。文章考察了不同参数,即含水量W0、缓冲液的种类、pH和离子强度、AOT浓度和酶浓度对Irpex lacteusdft-1漆酶在AOT/异辛烷反胶束中的催化活性和稳定性的影响。结果表明,酶活性随W0的增大而提高,当W0>35,其活性不再有明显的变化,而其稳定性在较小的W0下较好。酶的最佳反应pH为4.2,但稳定性随pH的升高而增强。在较小表面活性剂浓度下,酶活性和稳定性较高,随着表面活性剂浓度的提高,酶活性和稳定性下降。不同的缓冲液体系对酶的活性和稳定性影响不同,酶活性随缓冲液离子强度提高先升高而后下降,而酶在较小的离子强度下具有较好的稳定性。酶浓度升高其活性提高,但对酶的稳定性没有明显的影响。     

Carbonaceous particles in the atmosphere and precipitation of the Nam Co region, central Tibet

A continuous air and precipitation sampling for carbonaceous particles was conducted in a field observatory beside Nam Co, Central Tibetan Plateau during July of 2006 through January of 2007. Organic carbon (OC) was the dominant composition of the carbonaceous particles both in the atmosphere (1660 ng/m³) and precipitation (476 ng/g) in this area, while the average elemental carbon (BC) concentrations in the atmosphere and precipitation were only 82 ng/m³ and 8 ng/g, respectively. Very high OC/BC ratio suggested local secondary organic carbon could be a dominant contribution to OC over the Nam Co region, while BC could be mainly originated from Southern Asia, as indicated by trajectory analysis and aerosol optical depth. Comparison between the BC concentrations measured in Lhasa, those at “Nepal Climate Observatory at Pyramid (NCO-P)” site on the southern slope of the Himalayas, and Nam Co suggested BC in the Nam Co region reflected a background with weak anthropogenic disturbances and the emissions from Lhasa might have little impact on the atmospheric environment here, while the pollutants from the Indo-Gangetic Basin of Southern Asia could be transported to the Nam Co region by both the summer monsoon and the westerly.     

嗜热菌株AT07-1的分离鉴定及其在污泥溶解预处理厌氧发酵产氢中的应用

从湖南大学花园土壤中采集样品,用稀释涂布法分离和纯化适于污泥溶解的典型嗜热菌菌株,从中选出一株高效菌进行形态观察,并对其进行生理生化鉴定.结果表明,该菌株的革兰氏染色为阳性,呈细杆状,产芽孢,为好氧或兼性需氧细菌,最适生长温度为65℃,最适生长pH值为6.8~7.5.通过16SrDNA碱基测序和对比证实,该菌株是目前尚未报道过的一株嗜热菌,GenBank中注册命名为Bacillus thermophilic bacteria AT071(注册号:FJ231108).同时,将其纯种菌用于嗜热酶溶解（solubilization by thermophilic enzyme,S-TE）污泥稳定化处理,接种该嗜热菌可促进污泥中悬浮固体的溶解,2.5d时接种试验挥发性悬浮固体 (volatile suspended solid,VSS)溶解率达到59.41%,比不接种试验同期提高了25.58%,达到了EPA规定的污泥稳定化要求.进一步对经AT071预处理的污泥厌氧产氢效果进行研究,试验结果显示,接种处理后污泥发酵产氢效果良好,高出未接种处理（65℃热处理）污泥26.4%,发酵气体中只含有H2和CO2.     

Evaluation of ecological restoration success in mining‐degraded lands

This review article analyzes the importance of assessing the success of ecological restoration by using four indicators: assemblage of the plant and animal communities; enzyme activity; litter accumulation and decomposition; and the improvement of soil quality. These indicators can be used alone or in combinations. Even though the Society for Ecological Restoration International provided a primer containing nine attributes to use as standards for measuring ecological restoration, only three of these attributes could be easily applied due to their low costs and low time requirements. These three attributes include: diversity, vegetation structure, and ecological processes. This review article emphasizes that the criteria for the selection of the indicator species should be based upon: habitat types, abundance of species, ease of measuring, quantifying and interpreting the results, gradual enhancement with time and cost‐effectiveness, sensitivity, variability of response, size, residential status, and requirements of the area. Principal component analysis was applied to calculate the reclaimed mine soil quality index (RMSQI) and the forest soil quality index (FSQI) and the RMSQI value was compared with FSQI (optimum index value of reference ecosystem) to evaluate the restoration success. Available phosphorus, exchangeable magnesium, organic carbon, clay content, field moisture, available nitrogen, electrical conductivity, and pH are identified as the most influential parameters that regulate the health of reclaimed mine soil. Exchangeable calcium, magnesium, cation exchange capacity, sand, silt, clay content, field moisture, available phosphorus, and pH are the controlling properties for forest soil. The observed values of the above‐stated soil indicator properties were converted into a unitless score (0–1.00) and integrated into index calculations (RMSQI and FSQI). The contribution of each soil indicator properties on the calculated index was analyzed, which provides insight into the reason for the measured index. A higher RMSQI indicates better ecological restoration success. The calculated RMSQI was found to be 0.473 in the reclaimed dump, which is 6% lower than the reference ecosystem.