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261.
以油菜菌核病病株菌核为诱饵,从油菜地中分离筛选得到一株盾壳霉(Coniothyrium minitans CCTCC M203020).以生物防治能力好的CBS148.96为对照菌株,比较了两者在油菜叶上对油菜菌核病菌抑制作用和在土壤中对菌核的致腐能力及条件.结果表明:C.minitans CCTCC M203020对油菜菌核病菌的抑制作用及适用的pH范围(4.0~7.0)均优于CBS148.96,适片于油菜菌核病的生物防治.具体表现在:(1)C.minitans CCTCC M203020能够完全限制病原菌在叶面的进一步扩展(已萌发孢子率为800A时),而CBS148.96则不能;(2)C.minitaras CCTCC M203020与CBS148.96的生长特性及培养条件相近,但其菌体生长和孢子产量分别高出60%和12%,并发现该菌株在PDA上产生孢子的最短周期是3.5~4d,较优培养条件为:20℃、初始pH5.0~6.2、空气湿度90%~97%;敛腐菌核的较优条件为:10^1~10^4孢子/菌核,土壤湿度80%~100%,pH4.0~7.0,图7参19 相似文献
262.
介绍了市政建设项目宁海县兴海污水处理有限公司主要的设计参数及各单元运行过程,并总结了该系统对有机物及氮磷的处理效果,分析了SBR工艺生物处理氮的主要影响因素。 相似文献
263.
Dirk Bunke 《Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung》2003,15(2):106-114
Zusammenfassung Zur Quantifizierung des Gefahrstoffeinsatzes in der Produktion ist im Rahmen der integrierten ?kologischen Bewertung des ?ko-Institutes
(EcoGrade) eine eigene Methodik entwickelt worden. Indikator für den Gefahrstoffeinsatz sind Monoethylenglykol (‘MEG’)-?quivalente.
Sie erm?glichen einen direkten, schadstoffbezogenen Prozess- und Produktvergleich (Bunke 2001). Die Bewertung basiert auf
den R-S?tzen (Gefahrenhinweise) der Inhaltsstoffe. Die Methodik der MEG-?quivalente stellt eine Weiterentwicklung und Anwendung
des Wirkfaktorenmodells der Technischen Regel für Gefahrstoffe (TRGS) 440 dar (AGS 2001). Die zur Bewertung erforderlichen
Daten sind im Unternehmen vorhanden (Sicherheitsdatenbl?tter) bzw. ?ffentlich leicht zug?nglich (Gefahrstoffdatenbanken).
Die Bilanzierung von Gefahrstoffen mit Hilfe der hier vorgestellten Methode erm?glicht es auch, in ?kobilanziellen Untersuchungen
systematisch den Gefahrstoffeinsatz zu berücksichtigen. Die Methodik ist am Beispiel von Wohngeb?uden erprobt worden.
Anmerkung: Als Gefahrstoffe, Schadstoffe, gef?hrliche Inhaltsstoffe bzw. gef?hrliche Stoffe werden in dieser Arbeit solche
Stoffe definiert, die eines der Gef?hrlichkeitsmerkmale nach § 3 Chemikaliengesetz besitzen.
OnlineFirst: 19. 12. 2001 相似文献
264.
265.
推导了BAF前置反硝化工艺简化动力学模型,揭示了BAF去除有机物与反应速率常数与膜厚的关系。同时以生物膜中活性物质与非活性物质增长生物数学模型体系为基础,从理论上推导了BAF最佳膜厚的范围。 相似文献
266.
We designed a microcosm experiment to assess the influence of inoculation with Eisenia foetida earthworms and the establishment of an Avena sativa cover crop on biological (enzyme activities and labile carbon fractions) soil quality indicators in a soil treated with a composted organic residue, and to determine the contribution of these treatments to carbon dioxide emissions from the soil to the atmosphere of the microcosm. The microcosms were incubated for 53 days under 28 °C/18 °C day/night temperatures. The addition of earthworms and the planting of A. sativa increased dehydrogenase activity of compost amended soil by about 44% after 23 days of incubation. The metabolic potential, calculated as the ratio dehydrogenase activity/water soluble C, was higher in the compost amended soil planted with A. sativa. The highest total amount of CO2–C evolved occurred in the soil treated with composted residue and earthworms (about 40% of the total amount of CO2 evolved came from earthworm activity). The planting of A. sativa increased the decomposition rate constant of organic matter in the amended soil but decreased the potentially mineralizable C pool. In conclusion, the establishment of an A. sativa cover crop and the addition of E. foetida to a degraded agricultural soil treated with composted residue were effective treatments for improving the biological and biochemical quality and the metabolic potential of the soil. 相似文献
267.
Hollert H Dürr M Holtey-Weber R Islinger M Brack W Färber H Erdinger L Braunbeck T 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2005,12(6):347-360
Goal, Scope and Background In order to evaluate the estrogenic activity of sediments and XAD water extracts of selected sites of the catchment area
of the River Neckar, a river system in Southern Germany, an integrative assessment approach was used to assess the ecological
hazard potential of endocrine-disrupting compounds in sediment and water.
Methods The approach is based on estrogen receptor-mediated vitellogenin synthesis induced in isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout
and quantified in a non-radioactive dot blot/RNAse protection-assay in parallel to comprehensive chemical analyses of estrogenic
substances.
Results and Discussion Numerous investigated extracts revealed an estrogen activity comparable to that of the positive control (1 nM 17?-estradiol
corresponding to 270 ng/L in the test medium). Based on a concentration factor of 30 in the extracts and a recovery of XAD
resins of approximately 80 %, 17?-estradiol equivalent concentrations between 20 and 26.7 ng/L could be calculated downstream
of a sewage treatment plant (< 0.1 ng/L for a reference site). A comparison of the bioassay-derived Bio-TEQs (toxicity equivalents)
and the Chem-TEQs revealed a high correlation with a Pearson coefficient of 0.85, indicating that the same ranking of the
samples could be obtained with respect to the endocrine disrupting potential with both chemical and bioanalytical analysis.
However, the TEQ concentrations computed from chemical analyses were significantly lower than the bioassay-derived TEQ concentrations.
In fact, in none of the samples, more than 14 % of the vitellogenin-inducing potency could be attributed to the substances
(steroids, alkylphenols, bisphenol A, diethylstilbestrol) analyzed.
A comparison of the endocrine disrupting potential of sediments extracted by the solvents acetone and methanol revealed lower
biological effects for acetone-extracted samples. Possible reasons may be a masking of endocrine effects in acetone extracts
by cytotoxicity, a low extraction efficiency of the solvent acetone, or anti-estrogen potencies of some extracted sediment
compounds.
Using a mass balance approach, the contribution of the compounds analyzed chemically (Chem-TEQs) to the total endocrine activity
(Bio-TEQs) was calculated. Based on the very low detection limits, particularly of the steroids with their high TEF factors,
results revealed that a calculation of the Chem-TEQs is associated with considerable scale inaccuracy: Whereas only 7-15 %
of the biological effectiveness (Bio-TEQs) could be explained by endocrine substances identified above the detection limits,
the assumption of concentrations slightly below the given detection limits would result in a significant over estimation (137-197
%) of the Bio-TEQs. Even the interassay variation of the dot blot assay with different fish donors for primary hepatocyte
(factor 2 - 2.5) is relatively low, when compared to the large range of the Chem-TEQ concentrations (factor 20) obtained when
applying different modes of calculation.
Conclusions and Outlook Overall, only a minor portion of the endocrine activity detected by bioassays could be linked to compounds identified by
chemical analysis. In vitro assays for assessment of endocrine activities are useful as sensitive integrating methods that
provide quantitative estimates of the total activity of particular receptor-mediated responses. Although discrepancies may
also result from different bioanalytical approaches, it is overall likely that bioanalytical and not chemical analytical approaches
give the correct estimate of endocrine disrupting potencies in environmental samples. As a conclusion, assessment of endocrine
disruption based on chemical analysis alone does not appear sufficient and further research into the spectrum of substances
with potential endocrine activity as well as into additive or even synergistic effects in complex environmental samples is
urgently needed. 相似文献
268.
以葡萄糖为碳源,在USB反应器内接种好氧活性污泥在40 d内培养出良好的反硝化颗粒污泥.颗粒污泥形成经历了2个阶段:起始阶段,接种的好氧活性污泥中非反硝化菌逐渐衰亡演变为"惰性固体",与原有的固体一起,成为反硝化菌附着生长的载体,与此同时,反硝化菌在载体表面渐渐繁殖,形成细颗粒污泥;随后,反硝化菌在细颗粒污泥表面不断增殖,颗粒长大,发育成为成熟的颗粒污泥.成熟的颗粒污泥密实,表面均为杆状菌,且排列紧密,当污泥床容积负荷为19.1 g N/L·d时,去除率高达98.4%(N). 相似文献
269.
脉冲放电烟气脱硫脱硝技术研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综述了脉冲放电等离子体烟气脱硫脱硝技术的发展历史、研究现状、进展及其存在的问题. 相似文献
270.
介绍了小隐孢子虫卵囊的特点及其对人体的危害,分析了pH、混凝剂种类与投加量、电导率和天然有机物含量等对小隐孢子虫卵囊的Zeta电位的影响,总结了混凝-沉淀-过滤和直接过滤对小隐孢子虫卵囊的去除效果,探讨了水温、水质、混凝剂种类与投加量、滤料层组成和滤速等对去除效果的影响。 相似文献