节能型焦化污水生物脱氮新工艺的生产性试验研究

采用节能型生物脱氮新工艺对黑龙江某焦化厂的污水处理站进行生产性试验研究,结果表明:处理后出水达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级,并可回用于熄焦。该工艺适合推广应用于焦化污水、垃圾渗滤液、养殖、化肥等高含氮有机污水的处理。     

磁黄铁矿和石灰石改性硫磺发泡材料的脱氮除磷性能研究

基于硫磺自养反硝化(SAD)脱氮效率高、除磷效率低及磁黄铁矿自养反硝化(PAD)除磷效率高、脱氮效率低的特点,利用微细粒磁黄铁矿和石灰石与硫磺熔混、发泡得到磁黄铁矿与石灰石改性硫磺发泡材料(PLMSFM).通过批次试验探究磁黄铁矿和发泡剂配比对PLMSFM脱氮除磷的影响,优化得出硫磺∶石灰石∶磁黄铁矿∶碳酸氢钠的质量比...     

金属有机骨架材料低温脱硝技术研究进展

金属有机骨架材料（MOFs）因其独特的结构作为催化剂应用于SCR系统表现出较好的低温脱硝效果和较强的抗SO₂、抗H₂O性能。综述了几种较典型的MOFs催化剂及其改性产物的低温催化性能,以及MOFs材料应用于SCR技术的研究进展,指出：对含有两种或两种以上金属的复合MOFs材料的深入研究,是开发稳定性更高、抗SO₂抗H₂O能力更强的MOFs催化剂的重要思路;此外,对有机组成部分进行改性,提高有机配体的热稳定性也是一个重要的研究思路。     

4种重金属污染对稻田土反硝化细菌的影响

在实验室条件下,研究Cd²⁺、As⁵⁺、Cu²⁺和Pb²⁺处理黄松稻田土、紫色稻田土和红壤稻田土后,4周内重金属污染对反硝化细菌种群数量及其反硝化活性的影响.结果表明,在1kg干土中加入0.5mg Cd²⁺、30mg As⁵⁺、50mg Cu²⁺和200mg Pb²⁺时,对稻田土反硝化细菌种群数量及其活性有促进作用,加入Cd²⁺、As⁵⁺、Cu²⁺和Pb²⁺分别超过1.0,60,500,400mg/kg干土时,对稻田土反硝化细菌种群数量及其活性有明显抑制作用.但反硝化细菌种群数量及其活性能逐渐恢复并接近对照水平,重金属污染越重,恢复所需的时间也越长.同一种重金属元素对不同水稻田土的反硝化细菌种群数量及其活性的影响也有差异.     

Adsorbable organic halides (AOX), AOX formation potential, and PCDDs/DFs in landfill leachate and their removal in water treatment processes

Adsorbable organic halides (AOX) and AOX formation potential (AOXFP) were investigated in 46 landfill lea-chates as potentially toxic parameters. AOX in landfill leachate was within the range <10–2200 μg Cl/l, and AOXFP was within 51–15 000 μg Cl/l. AOX and AOXFP correlated with chemical oxygen demand (COD). AOX discharge from closed landfills was generally lower than that from operating landfills. The molar ratio of AOXFP/total organic carbon (TOC) suggested that organic compounds in a leachate have a double bond every 15–190 carbons under the supposition that one chlorine would add to one double bond. The five landfills discharging high-level AOXFP (>4000 μg Cl/l) were all landfills where sludge had been dumped. The removal efficiencies of three parameters through leachate treatment processes were as follows: polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins/dibenzo-furans (PCDDs/DFs) > TOC > AOX. PCDDs/DFs were substantially removed at p.p.t. levels, while AOX was hardly removed at relatively low levels. Received: February 14, 2000 / Accepted: January 9, 2001     

浙北水稻主产区田间土-水磷素流失潜能

选取嘉善、余姚、德清、余杭 4个具有代表性浙北水稻主产区 ,研究了水田土 水磷素流失潜能及环境意义 .4稻区高水平磷肥投入促进了土壤富磷化 ,土壤Olsen-P积累的同时 ,相应地提高了土壤生物性有效磷、水浸提磷 ,并提高了土壤磷素的流失潜能 .稻区土壤在富磷化过程中 ,存在着土壤磷素的农学意义向环境意义方向演变的趋势 .在非植稻期 ,稻区农田水体 ,包括沟渠水、田表水、排渠水、暗管排水等总磷 (TP)平均超过了易诱发水体富营养化临界值 ,其中溶解磷 (DRP)占总磷 40% ;主要是源于绿肥田表水及部分排渠中的溶解磷对稻区外水体构成了直接危害 .在非植稻期 ,因稻区间农耕措施的差异导致了土壤富磷水平与对应田表水磷素水平不具相关性 ;在植稻期 ,施磷措施促进水田土壤富磷 ,相应地提高了田表水磷素水平 .     

广东省主要土类的三卤甲烷生成潜能(THMFP)

通过振荡浸出实验,测定了广东省几种主要土类的三卤甲烷生成潜能(THMFP),比较了土壤浸提液中溶解态(可过滤态)有机物与悬浮态(不可过滤态)有机物在形成三卤甲烷(THMs)中的作用,并对影响土壤THMFP的各种因素进行讨论结果表明:①各主要土类表层土中,未过滤浸提液的整体THMFP(b-THMFP)含量范围为:0.7～36.8μg/g土,中值为10.6μg/g土;过滤浸提液的THMFP(指可溶性有机物的THMFP,即d-THMFP)含量范围为:0.5～21.2μg/g土,中值为3.9μg/g土;其中,19号石灰土的b-THMFP和d-THMFP最高,20号紫色土的b-THMFP最低,5号赤红壤的d-THMFP最低.②总体上,悬浮态有机物对THMs生成量有较大的正贡献.③影响土壤THMFP的因素主要是有机质含量、各种氧化物含量、土壤发生层次、植被等.     

江苏省耕地资源的发展趋势及潜力分析

根据《江苏统计年鉴(1998年)》,对江苏省耕地资源在数量、质量两方面的历年发展趋势进行了分析,并针对耕地资源存在的数量减少、质量恶化现状,对江苏耕地持续利用的潜力进行了探讨。     

ARE SOILS LIKE SPONGES?1

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to explore the validity of the old analogy that “soil is like a sponge.” Laboratory experiments were conducted to measure two hydrologic properties of porous media: drainage under gravity, and water potential curves. A tipping bucket rain gage connected to a data logger was used to measure the rate at which water drained under the force of gravity from a trough filled with four saturated porous media ‐ cellulose sponges, topsoil, peat, and a medium sand. Pressure plate techniques were used to determine water potential curves for soil materials and sponges. In terms of relative cumulative discharge from the trough, sponges were intermediate between peat and topsoil. Because of their tremendous water‐holding capacity, sponges discharged more than 2.5 times as much water as did peat. The water potential curve for sponges was fairly flat, like that of topsoil, but the high water content across all pressures (0.30–15.0 bars) indicated some similarity to peat. The results of these experiments suggest that the general patterns of water retention and release in soil materials and sponges are similar and vary only in degree.     

非金属矿物粉尘表面电性及其生物学危害作用探讨

在前人对矿物粉尘在不同介质中其表面活性基团的特征（表面电性、生物活性）以及由此引起的生物学危害作用机理研究的基础上,对一些非金属矿物粉尘的表面电性特征及其变化进行了系统研究,结合生物化学及分子细胞生物学理论,对矿物粉尘表面电性特征引起的生物学危害作用（致病）机理进行了探讨．结果表明,在矿物粉尘致病总毒性原因构成上,除其纤维形态特征和持久性外,其表面电性特征是不可忽视的重要因素．