SBBR同步硝化反硝化处理生活污水的影响因素

序批式生物膜反应器SBBR采用塑料鲍尔环填料,在有氧情况下用于处理实际生活污水.该反应器能很好地创造缺氧微环境,载体生物膜具有吸附储碳能力,出现了良好的同步硝化和反硝化现象.反应器中溶解氧浓度在较大的范围内(0.8～4.0 mg·L-1)能有效地实现同步硝化和反硝化.当溶解氧浓度大于4.0 mg·L-1后,TN容积去除率大幅下降,出水TN大幅上升.增加载体生物膜厚度有利于同步硝化和反硝化.进水浓度基本不影响脱氮的效率,但出水TN随进水浓度增加而升高,建议原水浓度高时可增加后续脱氮处理或减少进水量来满足出水要求.优化运行方法和参数后,SBBR连续运行的TN去除率可稳定在74%～82%.     

The safety of fetoscopy: (I). Effect of umbilical vessel puncture on the fetal heart rate and cord histology

The fetal heart rate (FHR) was continuously monitored during 42 umbilical vessel punctures performed at the placental insertion of the cord in 24 diagnostic fetoscopies in which pure fetal blood was obtained. In only one patient did a deceleration first appear during puncture and aspiration of fetal blood. In two patients decelerations preceded fetoscopy and in two others they began during the fetoscopy but before puncture of an umbilical vessel. In 19 patients, the FHR did not change at all during the procedure. Fetal haemorrhage after sampling was either absent or minimal. Six pregnancies were terminated because a positive diagnosis had been made and 18 healthy babies were born. Umbilical cords were examined after 7 terminations of pregnancy and after 6 deliveries. In the former group the puncture could just be seen with the naked eye and the needle track was demonstrated histologically in 6. No traces of the puncture or other abnormalities were found in the cords after delivery. Fetal blood sampling from umbilical cord vessels, particularly at the placental insertion of the cord, is the technique of choice since pure fetal blood can be obtained without increasing the risk of fetoscopy.     

Intra-specific variations of two Leymus chinensis divergence populations in Songnen Plain, northeast China

Population demography, seed production, biomassallocation, net photosynthesis and transpiration of two Leymus chinensis divergence populations and between two years in Songnenplain, northeast China were compared. Strong differences betweenthe dry 1997 and moist 1998 occurred in vegetative shoot and sexualshoot densities, sexual differentiation and tiller densities, aswell as in the lengths of inflorescence, seed numbers perinflorescence, seed weights and biomass allocation in eachpopulation respectively (P<0.01). While strong differences betweenthe two populations occurred in vegetative shoot densities, sexualshoot densities, sexual differentiation and seed weights in eachyear (P<0.01). The differences between the two populations intiller densities and in biomass allocation to sexual shoots were significant (P<0.05). But there were no significant differences between the two populations in the lengths of inflorescence, seed numbers per inflorescence and biomass allocation to rhizomes and vegetative shoots (P>0.05). Excepting the transpiration rate in the early June, the differences between the two populations in net photosynthesis and transpiration rate of vegetative shoots and sexual shoots were strongly significant in the early June and July respectively (P<0.01). Relative stable variations in population demography and physiological traits between the two populations indicated that they are divergently in the Songnen Plain.     

草浆造纸中段废水的生物处理动力学

利用静态溶解氧消耗速率（OUR）试验模拟草浆造纸中段废水生物处理的生化反应过程,并运用Lawrence-McCarty模式进行了动力学分析。由OUR试验结果和小试研究结果建立的草浆造纸中段废水好氧生物处理的动力学方程为v=0.72S/(60.43 S）。将该动力学方程预测结果和实际工程的运行数据进行了比较,结果表明,动力学方程的比基质降解速率预测值高于实际工程的计算值,分析原因可能在于：实际工程中中段废水中的纤维素类悬溪物在生物处理装置的积累导致了污泥活性的降低。     

废干电池浸出的试验研究

以锌碳电池和碱性锌锰电池为实验对象，通过固体废物浸出毒性试验，探讨废电池在不同破坏程度、不同pH值和不同浸取级数条件下的浸出规律。试验发现，锌碳电池中Pb、Cd、zn、Mn浸出浓度相对较高，碱性锌锰电池中Cu、As、Hg浸出浓度较高。对于锌碳电池，中性浸取剂和酸性浸聚剂影响不大，而对于碱性锌锰电池，酸性浸取剂条件下浸浓度反而较低。锌碳电池和碱性锌锰电池都是在完全破坏条件下浸出浓度高。在实际中，电池外壳腐蚀是一个缓慢的过程。     

西湖底泥不同供氧条件下有机质降解及CO2与CH4释放速率的模拟研究

采用密闭培养实验装置于室温（２５℃左右）及ｐＨ为７５条件下，对西湖底泥中有机质完全降解及转化为ＣＯ２和ＣＨ４的速率进行了模拟研究．结果表明，在西湖湖水现有供氧水平（５０—８６ｍｇ（Ｏ２）／Ｌ）条件下，底泥中有机质完全降解的速率最为缓慢，培养期间（４２天）平均只有０７２ｍｇ（Ｃ）／（ｋｇ·ｄ）．当湖水供氧水平进一步上升（８６→１２０→１６０ｍｇ（Ｏ２）／Ｌ），ＣＯ２释放速率增加，最大值可达到８７ｍｇ（Ｃ）／（ｋｇ·周）；当湖水供氧水平下降（８６→０ｍｇ（Ｏ２）／Ｌ），ＣＨ４释放速率加快，最大值可达到４６ｍｇ（Ｃ）／（ｋｇ·周）．     

Mechanisms of granular activated carbon anaerobic fluidized-bed process for treating phenols wastewater

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＢｅｆｏｒｅｔｈｅ 1 980ｓｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓｏｆｐｈｅｎｏｌｓｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒａｒｅｓｏｌｖｅｎｔｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ ,ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌａｄｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎ ,ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎａｎｄａｅｒｏｂｉｃｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ.Ａｍｏｎｇｔｈｅｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｕｎｉｔｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓａｃｔｉｖａｔｅｄｓｌｕｄｇｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｓｍａｉｎｏｎｅ.Ａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅ 1 980ｓａｎａｅｒｏｂｉｃｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃ…     

马铃薯淀粉废水的碱式聚合氧化铝处理

本文介绍了用碱式聚合氯化铝处理高浓度有机淀粉废水的效果。用实验室配制的CODw浓度为10000－15000mg/L的淀粉废水以不同用量的碱式聚合氯化铝为絮凝剂处理后，CODw去除率达到28％－47％，再经吸附柱吸附后，CODw去除率可达到65％。     

活性污泥数学模型中进水易降解有机物的测定

ASM系列模型 (ASMs)自推出以来在欧美得到广泛应用。要想利用ASMs对特定污水处理过程进行准确的模拟 ,首先必须得到该过程污水的水质特性参数。介绍了连续式OUR计量法、序批式OUR计量法和絮凝过滤物理化学法等 3种测定ASMs中进水易降解有机物的方法 ,通过分析比较指出了各自的优缺点及适用情况。     

洗选处理对大气有害微量元素的脱除效果研究

通过实验室试验和实际选煤厂收集的数据 ,研究了洗选处理对燃煤中大气有害物质 (HAPM )分布赋存特征的影响作用。测试数据表明HAPM倾向在煤样无机矿物质中富集。从实际选煤厂采集的数据也表明 :选矿工艺流程可显著降低煤中HAPM的丰度。降低煤样粒度上限可使无机矿物质解离更充分 ,结合相应先进分选工艺可使HAPM脱除率显著提高 ,成本低、技术成熟的洗选工艺可行之有效地脱除燃煤中HAPM物质。