Influence of biosurfactant on the diesel oil remediation in soil-water system

There were six high diesel oil degrading bacteria strains isolated from the oil contaminated soil that collected from Linzi City. The strain YI was able to produce biosurfactant rhanmolipid when cultivated on diesel oil as carbon source. The critical micelle concentrations （CMC） of rhanmolipid in water and in the soil were measured respectively according to the correlation between the surface tension of the medium and the added rhamnolipid concentration. The results showed that the CMC of rhanmolipid in water was 65 mg/L, and was 185 mg/L in soil. The tests on diesel oil biodegradation were conducted with the addition of different concentrations of rhamnolipid in water and in soil respectively. When 0.01% rhanmolipid was added to water, the diesel oil degradation was enhanced. On the contrary, when the same concentration of rhanmolipid was added to the soil, the degradation of diesel oil was inhibited. The results suggested that the rhamnolipid could enhance the diesel oil biodegradation, indicating that the concentration of rhamnolipid was higher than the corresponding CMC in the medium. Kinetics parameters for the diesel oil biodegradation parameters such as biodegradation constant （λ）, coefficient of correlation （r） and half life （t1/2） in both tests were numerically analyzed in this paper, indicating that the moderate concentration of rhamnolipid in the medium could not only enhance the extent of diesel oil biodegradation but also shorten the time for oil remediation.     

Simultaneous catalytic removal of NOx and diesel soot particulate over perovskite-type oxides and supported Ag catalysts

A series of perovskite-type oxides and supported Ag catalysts were prepared,and characterized by X-ray diffraction (CRD)and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The catalytic activities of the catalysts as well as influencing factors on catalytic activity have been investigated for the simultaneous removal of NOx and diesel soot particulate.An increase in catalytic activity for the selective reduction of NOx was observed with Ag addition in these perovskite oxides,especially with 5% Ag loading.This catalyst could be a promising candidate of catalytic material for the simultaneous elimination of NOx and diesel soot.     

船用推进主机的噪声控制

随着推进主机朝着大型、高速的方向发展 ,其振动和噪声污染问题日趋严重。在此以某船用主机为例 ,通过采取隔振、安装消声器、使用隔声罩、机舱内粘贴吸声材料等综合治理技术对其进行了噪声控制 ,使机舱内的噪声能降低36dB(A)以上、甲板上的噪声能降低 14dB(A)以上 ,取得了很好的噪声控制效果。     

多孔泡沫金属电除尘器净化柴油机排气微粒的方法研究

以柴油机为研究对象,研究了净化柴油机排气微粒的新技术。介绍了柴油机排气微粒的特性、净化技术及电除尘器的基本工作原理以及工作特性。说明了多孔泡沫金属的特性,并设计了净化柴油机排气微粒的以多孔泡沫金属为集尘极的电除尘器结构及原理,分析了该净化装置的优点。     

柴油甲醇组合燃烧发动机的甲醛排放特性

在一台加装独立的甲醇供给系统的自然吸气柴油机上,采用柴油甲醇组合燃烧模式(DMCC)进行台架试验.利用气相色谱仪分析技术,全面研究并总结了甲醛在不同的发动机工况如转速、负荷、排气温度(改变柴油氧化催化转化器DOC位置)和不同甲醇替代率的情况下的排放规律以及甲醛和未燃碳氢(HC)之间的相互关系.研究结果显示,DMCC模式下的甲醛排放主要受到负荷、甲醇替代率、排气温度3方面的共同影响.在中等负荷排温在240～380℃之间时,DOC促进甲醛的生成;在高负荷排温在400℃以上时,DOC减少甲醛排放.在同样工况下将DOC位置移近排气歧管对减少甲醛排放有显著的作用.在此情况下,当排气温度超过400℃,DOC后的甲醛排放体积分数降低到(10～15)×10-6左右,与燃用纯柴油的甲醛浓度相近.另外,未燃碳氢和甲醛的转化效率的规律有一定的关联.当排温高于320℃以后,尽管HC迅速下降到比原机还低的水平,但甲醛排放浓度却比较高.当排气温度超过380℃并将DOC位置移近排气歧管,此时,HC与甲醛的排放将同步减少直至接近零排放水平.     

国Ⅰ～国Ⅲ重型柴油车尾气PM_(2.5)及其碳质组分的排放特征

机动车排放是大气PM2.5污染的主要来源之一,而在机动车排放的PM2.5中,约80%以上来自重型柴油车.为了研究重型柴油车尾气PM2.5及其碳质组分的排放特征,本研究基于车载排放测试系统(PEMS),对7辆不同排放阶段的重型柴油车进行了尾气PM2.5采样分析,并进一步分析了PM2.5中的OC和EC组分.结果显示,从国Ⅰ到国Ⅲ阶段,重型柴油车PM2.5排放因子分别为(0.466±0.300)g·km-1、(0.112±0.025)g·km-1和(0.056±0.034)g·km-1,表明随着排放标准的加严,测试车辆的尾气PM2.5排放因子呈现显著的下降趋势.行驶工况对重型柴油车尾气PM2.5及其碳质组分排放存在较大影响,PM2.5排放因子在高速和市区工况下相对较高,而在市郊工况下则较低;OC和EC的比值在市区工况下为(2.86±1.07)∶1,而在市郊和高速工况下为(0.97±0.49)∶1.     

土壤柴油污染对紫花苜蓿种子发芽率的影响

以单一外源环境因子污染水平为主要调控因子 ,室内盆载试验观察不同土壤柴油污染浓度控制下紫花苜蓿种子的萌发与生长情况。结果表明 ,紫花苜蓿种子发芽抑制率与土壤柴油污染浓度明显指数线性相关 ,而且发芽之后高浓度处理组幼苗出现黄叶和干枯现象。另外 ,也对产生上述现象的原因进行了初步探讨。     

柴油轿车颗粒多环芳烃的排放特性

以一辆柴油轿车为研究样车,分别使用纯柴油、生物柴油掺混比例为10%的B10燃油,进行了NEDC整车循环工况试验,测取了该车HC、CO、NOx、颗粒等法规限制的排放,利用气相色谱-质谱法对采集的排气颗粒样品进行了分析,重点研究了颗粒中多环芳烃的排放特性.结果表明,与柴油相比,燃用B10燃油的HC、CO、NOx和颗粒等常规排放均有所降低;两种燃料产生的颗粒多环芳烃排放中均以荧蒽和芘最多,与纯柴油相比,燃用B10燃油产生的低环数PAHs排放略有增加,中高环数的PAHs排放降幅明显.苯并[a]芘等效毒性分析结果显示燃用B10燃油的BEQs值比纯柴油降低了21.6%,表明柴油轿车燃用生物柴油后,排气颗粒的多环芳烃毒性有所下降.     

新型柴油机消烟消声器的研制

通过在原柴油机消声器的底部注入对柴油机尾气有明显吸收和转化作用的吸烟液,使柴油机尾气通过此消烟消声器时同时得到净化和降噪。在１３５型柴油机上与原柴油机消声器进行同等条件下的对比试验表明,烟度下降８０％,噪声由９９ｄＢ降至８５ｄＢ效果令人满意。     

废弃油基钻井液提取柴油剩余废弃物无害化处理研究

针对废弃油基钻井液中柴油回收过程产生的泥渣、废水、废白土和酸碱废渣具有高色度、高pH、高COD和高石油类的特点,通过优化实验得出了一步法无害化处理废弃混合物的最佳固化配方:水泥和粉煤灰加量分别为12.5%,激活剂SG加量1.5%,促凝剂LSL加量1.5%,石灰加量1%。在最佳固化配方下,固化体浸出液的各主要污染指标都符合《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)一级标准,固化成本约100元/m3,与分别处理废渣、废液相比,其处理成本可降低约20%。