阿拉善盟黑风暴发生规律及防治对策

本文通过1993年“5．5黑风暴”及1998年“4．15黑风暴”为线索,从生态环境角度就黑风暴的起因进行初步剖析。然后就如何恢复阿拉善生态平衡,减少黑风暴危害提出一些对策。     

硫酸盐气溶胶直接和间接辐射气候效应的模拟研究

将大气化学模式引入到区域气候模式中，实现同步计算大气化学成分和气象要素，以中国地区1994年1、4、7、10月为研究对象，模拟了4个月的气候变化。通过分析发现，硫酸盐气溶胶的直接和间接辐射效应都使大气顶产生负的辐射强迫，使地面气温下降；间接效应的引入加剧了辐射强迫和地面降温，是一个不可忽视的重要过程，在模拟中风吹草动时考虑直接和间接效应是必须的。     

氮掺杂型纳米TiO2在可见光及太阳光下的光催化性能研究

采用钛酸四丁酯为原料,以氨水水解-沉淀法制备出了氮掺杂型纳米TiO2催化剂(N/TiO2),以XRD、XPS、UV-Vis等手段对其进行表征;并通过对偶氮染料橙黄G的降解反应,研究了N/TiO2在可见光及太阳光下的光催化性能,探讨了pH值、外加H2O2氧化剂对光催化降解率的影响,并与P25型纳米TiO2进行了对比.结果表明,在可见光下,N/TiO2对橙黄G具有较高的催化活性,反应150min后降解率可达96.29%,显著高于P25型TiO2(42.55%);在太阳光下,N/TiO2对橙黄G的光催化降解速率较快,反应60min降解率与P25型TiO2基本相同,分别为99.37%、99.94%;较低的pH值环境并适量添加H2O2可显著提高N/TiO2催化效率,在可见光及太阳光下的最佳pH值均为2～3,最佳H2O2加入量分别为0.5mL·L-1、1.5 mL·L-1.     

A new direction for the development of the paper industry

-In order to reduce the increasingly serious environmental impact caused by wastewater from the paper industry, the municipality of Jinan plans to adopt a specialized production technology. The new technology will centralize pulp production and decentralize paper production. It is predicted that the new technology will greatly reduce the environmental effects of the paper industry. Perhaps it is a new direction for the development of the paper industry in China.     

碳黑中致突变物研究

用高分辨质谱检出了墨水碳黑有机溶剂提取物中的六种硝基取代多环芳烃化合物,高效液相色谱的保留时间和紫外光谱确证了提取物中的二硝基芘和3-硝基芴酮,根据定量测定结果表明:二硝基芘是提取物中直接致突变活性的主要来源.     

再生浆造纸污水处理与闭路循环实践

分析了不同品种的再生浆造纸工艺及给排水流程 ;采用锅炉烟气处理脱墨黑液 ,漂白废水用于废水脱色 ;采用絮凝沉淀、过滤与化学处理相结合的方法处理综合污水。实现废水多级回用 ,循环水率达 80 %～ 90 % ,少量废水达标排放 ,投资和运行费用可节省近 5 0 %。     

直流电对硝化细菌活性的影响

研究外加直流电分别对悬浮和固定膜二种存在状态的硝化细菌代谢活性和硝化效率的影响 .小于 2 5A·m-2 的直流电对游离细菌硝化氨氮没有影响 ,5A·m-2 以上的电流开始抑制细菌的硝化作用 .生物膜具有较强的抗电能力 ,15A·m-2 的直流电仅使氨氮的硝化速率降低 2 0 % .另外 ,电流对生物膜的持菌量影响差异较大 .当电流密度为 15A·m-2 时 ,负极的持菌量减少 90 %以上 ,正极减少 5 8% ,而电极中间填料的持菌量仅减少 8% .测量生物膜中磷脂含量发现 ,正极表面生物膜中活细菌比重最小 ,正极其次 ,填料表面生物膜中活细菌含量最高     

催化裂解治理废旧轮胎制炭黑和燃料油产业化研究

介绍采用催化裂解技术治理废旧轮胎制炭黑和燃料油的工艺流程和成套设备,该工艺设备耗能低、产品质量好,工艺合理, 可连续投料、连续运转,处理效率高,最大限度地降低了二次污染,适合于治理废旧轮胎的产业化发展。     

A spectral power analysis of driving behavior changes during the transition from nondistraction to distraction

Objective: This article investigated and compared frequency domain and time domain characteristics of drivers' behaviors before and after the start of distracted driving.

Method: Data from an existing naturalistic driving study were used. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) was applied for the frequency domain analysis to explore drivers' behavior pattern changes between nondistracted (prestarting of visual–manual task) and distracted (poststarting of visual–manual task) driving periods. Average relative spectral power in a low frequency range (0–0.5 Hz) and the standard deviation in a 10-s time window of vehicle control variables (i.e., lane offset, yaw rate, and acceleration) were calculated and further compared. Sensitivity analyses were also applied to examine the reliability of the time and frequency domain analyses.

Results: Results of the mixed model analyses from the time and frequency domain analyses all showed significant degradation in lateral control performance after engaging in visual–manual tasks while driving. Results of the sensitivity analyses suggested that the frequency domain analysis was less sensitive to the frequency bandwidth, whereas the time domain analysis was more sensitive to the time intervals selected for variation calculations. Different time interval selections can result in significantly different standard deviation values, whereas average spectral power analysis on yaw rate in both low and high frequency bandwidths showed consistent results, that higher variation values were observed during distracted driving when compared to nondistracted driving.

Conclusions: This study suggests that driver state detection needs to consider the behavior changes during the prestarting periods, instead of only focusing on periods with physical presence of distraction, such as cell phone use. Lateral control measures can be a better indicator of distraction detection than longitudinal controls. In addition, frequency domain analyses proved to be a more robust and consistent method in assessing driving performance compared to time domain analyses.